台灣蓮霧栽培之過去與前瞻
Other Title
Review and Anticipation on Wax-apple in Taiwan
Start Page
339
End Page
355
Date Issued
1991-06
Date
1991-06
Author(s)
王德男
Der-Nan Wang
Abstract
本省蓮霧近十年來由於浸水、幹基環狀剝皮、敲頭、斷根、剃光頭(強修剪)等耕作處理技術之開發對蓮霧提開花調節產期技術之突破，及蓮霧植株營養、土壤肥培管理、生長調節劑之應用等研究對蓮霧品質改進或提高催花效果之貢獻，不但使蓮霧產期提早半年，由過去的夏果變為冬、春果，品質也提高為”黑珍珠”或黑鑽石，成為果中珍品。另蓮霧果品加工利用及果園經營管理成本分析等亦於本文述及。
近年來由於植物生長調節劑及各種微量元素之普遍濫用於促進蓮霧果實發育、增大果形、抑制抽梢、提高品質、防止寒害等方面，有關機關應嚴格管制、抽驗並輔導教育農民正確之使用濃度、時期及使用方法。
今後除生產技術應精益求精，繼續研究發展，力求更上層樓外，今後應積極加強優良品種之選育，使品種多樣化、高級化；建立正確可靠之”花芽分化”簡易速測指標，以穩定及提高催花率，並使產期更提早或延後，冀能達到、周年生產，之最高境界；開發應用疏花(果)葯劑並建立省工栽培模式，輔導矮化栽培及經營機械化、管理省工化、以解決勞力不足、降低生產成本;加強用葯安全教育並鼓勵果實套袋、土壤改良及有機肥料之施用，並建立高品質蓮霧之土壤及葉片營養標單，以生產高品質且無污染之果品，確保國人健康；強化運銷作業、改進分級包裝、辦理共同運銷，以減少中間剝削;加強採收後處理及脖運技術之研究，冀能開拓外銷市場。
In the recent 10 years, the production of wax-apple in Taiwan has been improved greatly. Using the technique of cultivation such as waterlogging, girdling, trunk wounding, root-pruning, bald-cutting in order to promote early flowering and control the fruit production season have been success. Studies on plant nutrition, soil management, application of plant regulators have improved the fruit quality of wax-apple and enhanced the effectiveness of promoting flowering. Production season of wax-apple can be adjusted six monthes earlier than normal season and have changed the production season of wax apple from traditional summer to nowdays winter and spring. The quality of wax-apple has also improved greatly and the so call "black pearl" or "black diamond" wax-apple has become quite a precious fruit. The processing of wax-apple, and analysis of production cost, are also discussed on this paper.
In the recent years, due to the abuse application of plant requlator and micro element have been strictly controlled and inspected, the correct application method, concentration and application time have been taught to farmers in order to improve fruit development, enlarge fruit size, inhibit growth shoots, prevent cold injury and increase quality.
In the future, besides continuing to improve production technique, selecting of various better varieties, establishing a method to detect the flower bud differentiation for stabilizing precentage of flowering in order to have an earlier or a later production season and to reach year-round production, searching new thinning flower ( fruit ) chemicals, dwarfing trees by cultivation methods, sing mechanical practice to save labor and reduce production cost, educating farmers to use safe chemicals, organic fertilizer and bagging fruit are the ways to produce high quality and non-polluted fruits. Furthermore, strenghthening shipment and market distribution such as using communication distribution system to avoid-losing distribution benefit, strenghthening postharvest study and searching the technique for storage and shipment are the main subject to extend foreign market.
Event(s)
台灣果樹之生產及研究發展研討會
Proceeding of A Symposium on Fruit Production, Research and Development in Taiwan
Subjects
蓮霧栽培
台灣
Waxapple production
Taiwan
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
book part
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