控制授粉對玉米臺農351號果穗及子粒生育性狀之影響
Other Title
Effect of Controlled Pollination on the Characteristics of Ear and. Kernel Development of Tainung 351 Maize
Resource
中華農業研究 39(3): 165-173
Journal of Agricultural Research of China 39(3): 165-173
Journal
中華農業研究
Journal Volume
39
Journal Issue
3
Pages
165-173
Date Issued
1990-09-01
Date
1990-09-01
Author(s)
曹紹徽
王強生
劉大江
S.H. Tsao
C.S. Wang
D.J. Liu
Abstract
本試驗以單雜交玉米臺農351號為材料，以套袋方式延遲授粉，縮短果穗上、下位子粒發育之時間差距，又限制穎花有效受粉時間，探討對玉米果穗不同部位子粒生育性狀及產量的影響。套袋延遲授粉有減少上位果穗不充實部份長度、增加穗周與提高上位子粒數及產量的作用，但中、下位子粒之百粒重有因而降低的趨勢，延遲授粉7日並顯著減少中、下位子粒之粒數與產量。經由控制有效授粉期可使果穗不同部位的子粒數目發生變異，如以對照植株之粒數為準，自吐絲始期算起，上位穎花之受粉自第3日開始，9日內完成，與中、下位穎花分別於5及3日內完成受粉有顯著差異。果穗不同部位子粒之數目與平均百粒重間呈負相關，且上位子粒亦有充份發育的潛能。本試驗以控制授粉方式改變玉米果穗粒數及百粒重，發現不同部位子粒之間具有競爭作用，而縮短上、下位穎花受粉時間差距可增強上位子粒的相對競爭能力；經由確定穗內不同部位穎花有效受粉所需時間，認為自雌穗吐絲始期開始，最少應有5日的花粉供應方可維持較高之子粒產量，可供為品種選育及實際栽培時的參考。
Two experiments, grain competition and silking sequence, were conducted by using the single-cross maize hybrid Tainung 351 as experimental material. For grain competition study, pollination was delayed by bagging the ear at silking to reduce the sequential difference in kernel development between kernels positioned at different positions of the ear. For silking sequence study, maize ears were allowed to pollinate for only limited periods of time. The purpose was to study the effect of controlled pollination on the ear and kernel characteristics at maturity. Delay pollination tended to reduce the length ofJunfilled portion at ear-tip, and to increase periphery of upper ear, and both number and yield of kernels at the upper one-third of the ear. On the contrary, kernel number and 100-kernel-weight of the middle and basal kernels were reduced as bagging period was prolonged. Based on the kernel number of the control plant, silking sequence study revaled that pollination of upper spikelets commenced at 3 days after silking (DAS) and was completed at 9 DAS. For middle and basal spikelets, pollination was completed at 5 and 3 DAS, respectively. Negative correlation was recorded between kernel number and 100-kernel-weight. Through changing both kernel number and 100-kernel-weight by controlled pollination, it was assumed that competition existed among kernels at different positions of the ear. An effective pollination period of at least 5 days was also suggested for maintaining kernel yield of th is variety.
Subjects
玉米
控制授粉
子粒充實
產量
Maize
controlled pollination
kernel-filling
yield
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
journal article
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