亞麻植期及種子成熟度對朔果發育與含油量之影響

Abstract

本試驗之目的在探討亞麻植期對朔果（種子）發育及種子成熟度對油分含量之影饗。結果顯示，亞麻朔果初期（開花後第10 天）的發育與增大受植期之影響頗大，早植（10 月20 日播）較晚植者（11 月17 日播）初期之發育為緩慢，其增大最快的時期發生於開花後的20 天，爾後增大甚少，或停止增大。晚植者初期發育較快且可持續的增大。 不論品種為何，朔果百粒重自開花後均持續的增加，但植期間略有不同，早植對朔果百粒重較為有利。一個朔果之種子數於開花後第20 天已大致固定，種子粒數以晚植者多於早植者，臺農選2 號又較CI 2288 及2540 為多。種子百粒重增加之趨勢，植期間表現不一，初期的增加以早植優於晚植，而後期（開花後30 天）概以晚植優於早植。 種子油分含量隨品種、植期及種子成熟度而異，臺農選2 號於開花後20 天（10 月20 日播）及30 天（11月17 日播）油分含量達最高，各別為40.4%及41.4%，嗣後即開始下降。CI 2288 及2540 在早植之環境下，油分含量有持續增加的趨勢，但晚植者於開花後30 天油分含量達最高。對碘價之影響植期間遠大於品種間，開花後30 天早植之碘價在200-210 之間而晚植者則在170-180 之間。 Three flax cultivars, TNS 2, CI-2288 and CI-2540, were planted on two different dates (Oct. 20 and Nov. 17) in order to study the effect of sowing date on the capsule (seed) development and crude oil content at various stages of seed maturation. The results showed that the primary (wthin 10 days after flowering) development and enlargement of the capsule were strongly affected by sowing date. Those sown earlier (Oct. 20) reached their maximum development 20 days after flowering, little enlargement of seeds was observed afterwards. Seeds of the plants sown later (Nov. 17) developed more slowly and continued to enlarge for a longer period. The weight of capsules, regardless of variety, continued to increase after flowering. However, early sowing appeared to have a beneficial effect on the 100-capsule-weight. The number of seeds per capsule was fixed about 20 days after flowering. The late-sown plants had a greater number of seeds than the early-sown ones, and TNS 2 had more seeds per capsule than CI-2288 and CI-2540. The increase of seed dry weight within the first 10 days after flowering was more prominant for the early-sown plants, but the later-sown ones gained more seed weight starting at 30 days after flowering. In terms of crude oil content, cultivar TNS 2 peaked (40.4%) at 20 days after flowrieng when sown early. The maximum value of 41.4% was observed at 30 days after flowering when sown late. Crude oil content decreased thereafter in both treatments. Oil content in the seeds of CI-2288 and CI-2540 increased continuously under early sowing. However, oil content was highest at 30 days after flowering when plants were sown late. The iodine value was affected more by sowing date than by variety. At 30 days after flowering, the early-sown plants had an iodine value between 200 and 210, and the late-sown ones between 170 and 180.