Mutations in Rice Induced by X-Rays (A Preliminary Report)
Other Title
水稻經X線處理後所發生之突然變異(第一報）
Journal
農業研究
Journal Volume
7
Journal Issue
4
Start Page
7
End Page
15
Date Issued
1957-12-08
Date
1957-12-08
Author(s)
Tien-Ding Chang
Sung-Ching Hsieh
張天定
謝順景
Abstract
The early studies of X-ray treatment in rice were mostly aimed to induce genic changes, while structural changes of the chromosomes were ‘rarely reported, though Ramiah and Parthasarathy (1935) found chromosome ring in X-rayed rice.
Since Yamashita (1949) advocated that reciprocal translocations induced by X-rays were usable for linkage analysis, Nishimura (1950), Oka (1953) and Chang (1955) began to study this problem and some reciprocal translocation stocks were obtained.
For the purpose of isolating reciprocal translocation lines for linkage group analysis, writers initiated an experiment to treat rice with X-rays in 1947 and again in 1954 and have obtained mutants such as semi-sterile rice, dwarf plants, chlorophyll deficiencies and others. The general characteristics and inheritance of these mutants, and the effect of different dosages of X-rays on the quantitative characters will be reported in this paper.
為誘發染色體構造的變化，以獲得多數不同之相互轉座系統，進一步作稻之連鎖分析為目的，乃舉行本試驗。試驗材料為臺中65號（蓬萊種）及白殼花螺（在來種）之發芽種子。X線處理分為兩次：第一次之處理條件；電壓80kv，管電流4ma．距離30cm時間80-120分，第二次處理條件；電壓100kV，管電流5ma．時間10-35分，放射線量為5,000r，7,000r，8,000r，10,000r等四種。
處理當代幼苗之致死率為22-100%，隨X線量照射時間而增，處理當代（80分處理區）不稔個體之發生頻度為13.2%矮稻之發生率為0.2%。
在處理第一代臺中65號之幼苗發現淡黃色苗(Cream)，條紋苗(Variageted)，及白苗(Albino)等葉綠素缺乏之系統。淡黃色苗及白苗生長後不久即告死亡，但條紋苗可繼績生長，此種變異體可能為色素體之變異(Plastid mutation)所致，不同X線量對於第一代生長初期之苗高有抑制影響外，對收穫前的各量性狀之影響不顯明。
在X線處理後代中發現矮稻，該稽較原來品種株高低矮，穗短而小，粒小而密，結實為正常。矮稻出現後不再有分離現象，故此種突變體為已固定者。為明瞭矮稻發生之機構及其遺傳行為，曾將之與原來品種雜交，在F2分離出正常稻與矮稻，其比例符合於理論值3:1之比率，由此而觀，矮稻可能由於因子之劣變所致。
處理後代所生的半不稔稻自交後分離為結實稱及半不稔稽，其比例為1:1。結實率高者不再有分離現象，但半不稔稻復以1:1之比例分離出結實稻與半不稔稻兩種，以後之分離情形相同。此種結實率表示不連續變異之系統以細胞遺傳之觀察結果，己知由於染色體構造變化所致。對於結實率表示連續變異者，所包括的機構較複雜，詳細情形尚待研究。
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
journal article
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