抗銹病大豆新品種-臺農三號之育成
Other Title
The Breeding of Rust Resistance Soybean "Tainung 3"
Journal
農業研究
Journal Volume
17
Journal Issue
2
Start Page
30
End Page
34
Date Issued
1968-06-05
Date
1968-06-05
Author(s)
鄭玉威
詹國連
Y.W. Cheng
K.L. Chan
Abstract
大豆銹病(PhakoPsora pachyrhizi,Syd.)為近年來本省最嚴重之大豆病害,迄今在栽培品種中,尚無能抵抗者。誘病為害大豆時,除豆葉提早枯萎變黃,豆株提前成熟外,最糟的是豆莢不會飽滿,豆粒扁平,以致產量減低甚鉅。根據本所『成熟前採種試驗(1963)』結果,十石大豆在早收一星期時,種子百粒重減輕8.8%,早收二星期則減輕21.6%;又在本所的『銹病藥劑防治試驗(1964)』中亦指出,不同時期噴用『大生78』的增產效果(與不噴大生的對照相比),最低為361%,最高可達1109%,平均為891%,由此可見銹病對於大豆產量損失的嚴重了。本所有鑑及此,乃自民國49年起,積極進行大豆抗銹病育種工作,而幸運的是在由美國引進的全世界性3000個大豆品種育種材料中,發現PI 200492及PI 200490二個中度抗銹病之品種,並隨即利用之與本所早期育成的早熟豐產但感染銹病的農試H-11品系舉行交配,先後經民國50年至55年之後代繁殖、分離、選拔、產量比較等一系列之試驗,終在農試H-11 × PI 200492之組合中,選出具有抗銹病性並豐產之農試63-11品系,自民國54年秋季起,參加全省大豆區域試驗,並於55年秋在高雄區農業改良場協辦下,在高屏地區舉辦新品系示範試驗,56年春季復在臺南、嘉義、雲林三縣農會主持下,於該三地區共試種20公頃,深得該地區農民之好評,為使該品系能正式推廣,增加農民收益起見,農試所已於去年秋季施行原原種種子之繁殖,並於56年12月26日申請農林廳雜糧作物新品種命名審查委員會審查,通過准予命名為臺農三號。
“Tainung 3” soybean (Glycine max (L.) merr.) was selected from F7 plants of the cross Nung-shih H-11 X PI 200492 in 1963. Prior to release Tainung 3 was indentified by the number Nung-shih 63-11. It is adapted to the whole Island in the spring and winter crops.
Tainung 3 is characterized by purple flowers, brown pubescence, large seed size (18-20 grams per 100 seeds), yellow seed coats and brown hila. Tainung 3 outyielded Tai-ta-Kaohsiung 5 (Check variety, 1800-2500 Kg/ha in both spring and winter crops), 17-52% in the winter crop and 15-178% in the spring crop. The more severe the rust disease, the bigger difference was found in the yield. It has similar maturity with Tai-ta-Kaohsiung 5. Tainung 3 is resistant to lodging and to soybean rust (phakopsora pachyrhizi, Syd.) that caused leaves wilting at early infections, and defoliations at later stages. The only one undesirable character is the cracking of seed coat.
Tainung 3 was named in December 1967, and will be released in 1968. Taiwan Agricu Itural Research Institute is responsible for maintenance of breeder seeds.
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
journal article
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