菊花切花害蟲之防治
Other Title
Chemical Control of Insects on Chrysanthemum Cutflower
Journal
中華農業研究
Journal Volume
31
Journal Issue
4
Pages
339-346
Date Issued
1982-12-10
Date
1982-12-10
Author(s)
王清玲
Chin-Ling Wang
Abstract
薊馬（Frankliniella intonsa Moulton , Thrips hawaiiensis ( Morgan ) ）與葉蟎Tetranychus urticae ( Koch) 為菊花切花之主要害蟲，且不易防除。外銷菊花每年因附有蟲體而未能通過入境檢疫者甚多。本試驗以彰化縣田尾鄉菊花專業生產區採得之菊花為樣品，品種包括黃秀鳳、白鳥與韓大將，探討燻蒸與浸漬法處理切花之殺蟲效果與藥害反應，以改良切花害蟲之防治。不同濃度甲酸甲醇（Acetaldehyde ）燻蒸切花，效果最佳之處理為2%甲酸甲醇在50 mm Hg 壓力下，燻蒸小3 時，燻蒸後葉蟎成，若蟲死亡率98.0%，薊馬成、若蟲死亡率64.7%。若以乙烯乙酯（Ethyl Formate ）燻蒸切花，效果最佳之處理為20 mm Hg 氣壓下，以0.5%乙烯乙酯燻蒸1 小時，可完全消滅薊馬之成、若蟲，但3 日後有50.5%薊馬之卵孵化，而葉蟎成、若蟲死亡率為80.2%。以17 種殺蟲劑：acephate , carbaryl , cartap , chlorpyrifos , dichlorvos , fenitrothion , fenvalerate , formetanate hydrochloride , malathion , mephos-folan , methamidophos , methomyl , methyl parathion , mevinphos , monocrotophos , permephrin , trichlorvos 以及12 種殺蟎劑：azide , bromopropylate , chlorobenzilate , cyhexatin , dialifor , dicofol , ethion , oxythioquinox , propargite , tetradifon , triazid , azide + azoxybenzene 之稀釋液分別浸漬切花，以觀察其對薊馬與葉蟎之防治效果，結果以合成除蟲菊精類之fenvalerate 與有機氯類之chlorobenzilate 與dicofol 效果最優，切花於其1,000 倍稀釋液中分別浸漬1 分鐘或3 分鐘，3 日後切花上死亡薊馬與葉蟎分別為97.9% 及100.0%，且均無藥害。
Experiments were carried out to improve the control techniques of insects on chrysanthemum cutflowers for large amount of chrysanthemum cutflowers exported to Japan failed to pass the quarantine examinations due to the existence of thrips (Frankliniella intonsa, Thrips hawaiiensis) and two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae). Samples of chrysanthemum cutflowers were taken from the chrysanthemum concentrated production area at Tan-wei, Chang-hwa and to be treated with either fumigation or dip methods with various chemicals. When fumigate with acetaldehyde (Aa), the most effective treatment was obtained by using 2% Aa to fumigate the cut flowers at 50 mm Hg pressure for three hours, the mortalities of mites and thrips were 98.0%and64.7%, respectively. The best treatment of ethyl formate (EF) fumigation was obtained by using 0.5% EF to fumigate cutflowers at 20 mm Hg pressure for one hour, the mortalities of mites and thrips were 100.0% and 80.2%, respectively, and 50.0% of the eggs of mite hatched within three days. Seventeen insecticides including acephate, carbaryl, cartap, chlorpyrifor, dichlorvos, fenitrothion, fenvalerate, formetanate hydro-chloride, malathion, mephosfolan, methamidophos, methomyl parathion, mev inphos, monocrotopthion, permephrin, trichlorvos and 12 acaricides including azide, bromopropylate, chlorobenzilate, cyhexatin, dialifor, dicofol, ethion, oxythioquinox, propargite, tetradifon, triazid, azide + azoxybenzene were tested in dip treatments. Examinations made three days after the treatments showed that 97.9% of the thrips and 100.0% of the mites were dead after dipping the cutflowers in fenvalerate (l000x) and in chlorobenzilate or dicofol (l000x) for one and three minutes, respectively, and the chrysanthemum were not injured.
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
journal article
File(s)![Thumbnail Image]()
Loading...
Name
journal_arc_31-4-10.pdf
Size
1015.58 KB
Format
Adobe PDF
Checksum
(MD5):eae24b96c59443cc1d3359bb247e38a3