各種氮肥連用試驗成績－1952～1957年

Abstract

本試驗始於民國四十一年，其目的初在探討尿素、硝酸銨鈣、氯化銨及硫酸銨對水稻之肥效，以比較四種氮肥在應用上之孰優孰劣。全省設有十個試驗地，並有三年之成績業已發表。 嗣後此項試驗仍於原試驗由繼續舉行，惟試驗地點已減為臺北、新竹、臺中與屏東四處，目的亦演進為此等氮肥連用後對水稻收量與土壤理化性質影饗之觀察。 本試驗迄民國四十六年止已歷六載，乃將4~6年所得成績按往年方法加以整理，並統合六年資料，作一中間性報告如下： (1) 四種氮肥中以硫酸銨之肥效為最優，硝酸銨鈣為最差，硫酸鐵和氯化銨兩種氮肥之間相差甚微，尿素之肥效，亦甚接近於二者，此和1~3年之報告大致相同。因試驗期間甚短，故各種氮肥連用對水稻產量之影響尚難判別。 (2) 硝酸銨鈣之肥效無論在40，80及120kg/ha，各種施肥量下均低於其他三種氮肥，其差異在施肥量少時較大而施肥量多時趨小。 (3) 就對照區與各種氮肥多量區所採表土化學分析結果，在部份試驗地發現，硝酸銨鈣區較之無氮區稍略提高上壤pH值和置換性鈣鎂含量，而氯化銨與硫酸銨則有相反效果。 An experiment on the effect of the continuous application of Ammonium Sulphate, Ammonium Chloride Calcium Ammonium Nitrate and Urea to rice has been carried out in four localities namely Taipei Hsinchu Taichung and Pingtung since 1952. The yield data of the first 6 years experiment were analyzed statistically and the soil samples of the high rate (120kg/ha N every crop) application plots of these fertilizers and the check plot collected at the fall of the 6th year were provided for chemical determinations including pH organic matter total nitrogen and exchangeable Ca & Mg. The resuts may be summerized as follows: 1 As for the availability of these nitrogenous fertilizers there are no significant differences existed between Ammonium Sulphate and Ammonium Chloride, The effect of urea comes also very near to the above two and among these four kinds of fertilizers Calcium Ammonium Nitrate is the most inferior. The difference is more significant in the first crop than in the second crop. This is mostly the same as in the previous report. 2. As the period of experiment was still short, no significant effect of the continuous application of the same fertilizer on rice yield was observed. 3. The organic matter and total nitrogen content of all the fertilizer treatments do not differ definitly from one to another. However the pH value and the exchangeable Ca & Mg content of the soil applied with Ammonium Sulphate and Ammonium Chloride are found to be a little lower than the check, while that of the soil applied with Calucium Ammonium nitrate is a little higher. The trend was observed in Taipei & Taichung localities but not in others.