西瓜重要病害調查

Abstract

1. 本報告係調查臺灣西瓜重要病害種類及其為害程度所得之結果。 2. 為明瞭西瓜病害在臺灣發生情形，曾就北、中、南三部分別加以調查，調查地點北部為新竹縣之寶山、香山，苗栗縣之竹南、後龍、通霄等27區；中部為臺中縣之大肚、龍井等10區；南部為屏東縣之新園、新埤，高雄縣之大樹、磚子磘、潮州寮等13區。 3. 調查方法係藉隨機取樣選擇瓜園，每瓜園再分成東、西、南、北、中五小區，各小區調查40株，每一瓜園共調查200株。在調查過程中，詳細記載西瓜病害種類，被害程度，以及罹病率等。 4．根據調查結果，西瓜病害在北部及中部均發見有蔓割病、蔓枯病、毒素病、炭疽病、黑斑病、白粉病及根瘤線蟲病等計七種，在南部則除前舉七種外尚有露菌病一種，共計八種。其中蔓割病在北部、中部，毒素病（春播西瓜）及蔓枯病（秋播西瓜）在南部最為猖獗。 1. This report is the results of a survey on the main diseases and their damage degrees of watermelon in Taiwan. 2. In order to understand the occurring conditions of main diseases of watermelon in this island, we divided it into three parts-Northern, Central and Southern Taiwan, and surveyed in these parts respectively. We surveyed 27 watermelon orchards in Northern Taiwan (included Hsingchu Hsien and Miauli Hsien), 10 watermelon orchards in Central Taiwan (included Taichung Hsien) and 13 watermelon orchards in Southern Taiwan (included Pintung Hsien and Kaohsiung Hsien). 3. The surveyed watermelon orchards were selected by ramdom sampling methods. In each orchard, we selected 5 plots which were located in East, West, South, North and Central parts of the field. At each plot, we investigated 40 plants and in total of 200 plants were examined in every watermelon orchard. The kinds of diseases, damage degree, infected percentage and the kinds of watermelon were taken in note in detail. 4. According to the results of this survey, we knew that there were 7 kinds of main diseases on watermelon, such as fusarium wilt, gummy stem blight, mosaic virus, anthracnose, black spot, powdery mildew and root knot in Northern and Central parts of Taiwan. And 8 kinds of main diseases, such as fusarium wilt, gummy stem blight, mosaic virus, anthracnose, black spot, powdery mildew, downy mildew and root knot were discovered in Southern part of Taiwan. Among these kinds of main diseases which we have mentioned above, the fusarium wilt in Northern & Central Taiwan, and the mosaic virus (of spring crop) & the gummy stem blight (of autumn crop) in Southern Taiwan were the severest of all.