尿素在土壤中的動態之研究
Other Title
Study on the Behavior of Urea in Soils
Journal
農業研究
Journal Volume
16
Journal Issue
1
Start Page
58
End Page
68
Date Issued
1967-03-06
Date
1967-03-06
Author(s)
曾浴沂
王接皇
Y.I. Tseng
C.H. Wang
Abstract
為究明在臺灣各種土壤中之尿素的化學的分解，轉變機構，經氨之揮發損失情形，及土壤反應，水分含量、溫度、施用量、施肥位置等因素，對尿素分解，經氨揮發之影響，選擇臺灣主要農地土壤七種進行試驗。
根據試驗結果，土壤中之尿素分解與土壤反應，水分含量，溫度，施肥量等，均有密切之關係。尤其土壤反應為酸性之土壤中，尿素分解較慢，氨之硝化率，隨土壤反應之高低而增減，亞硝酸之聚集，凡在酸性土壤中，均無聚積之現象。土壤性質對尿素經氨揮發之影響除土壤反應趨向鹼性，質地粗之土壤外，一般而言影響尚微，經氨揮發量正比例土壤中產生之氨濃度而增減，溫度土壤水分含量，施肥量等因素，對經氨揮發甚有明顯之影響，即溫度高，土壤水分含量少，施肥量多時均增加氨之揮發量。
尿素施用比較硫酸銨施用，氨之揮發損失量，及濾失量較多，但此尿素之缺點，可在人為的施肥方法改進中，可獲得改善，而且尿素比較硫酸氨低價，無硫酸根，經分解後，容易被土粒吸附，如施用得法，其效能不亞於硫酸銨。
Laboratory studies on hydrolysis, volatilization and nitrification of urea were carried out under various conditions of seven soils from major croplands in Taiwan.
The results were found that both rates of hydrolysis and volatilization of urea were affected by the pH value, Moisture content of soils as well as applica-tion rate of urea.
Highest hydrolysis rate was found in weak acid, coarse textured soils and lower in more acid or alkaline soils.
The volatilization of Ammonia was little affected by properties of soils although higher pH values and coarser texture of soils tend to increase the rate. The loss of Ammonia from urea-applied soils was incseased with increase of temperature, application rate of urea and decrease of moisture content of soils.
Nitrification rate of Ammonia was increased with increase of pH value and nitrite was alway found in neutral and alkaline soils but not in acid soils.
From the results found, it is conclued that although urea fertilizer has dis-advantage of nitrogen loss through volatilization and leaching which can be eliminated by improving application technique, yet it has advantage of lower price and non residual sulphate, urea fertilizer is regarded as effective fertilizer as Ammonium sulphate.
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
journal article
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