臺灣水田土壤之養分滲濾損失研究(第一報)硫酸銨與尿素對水稻之效應及其在水田土壤中之滲濾損失情況

Abstract

利用土壤滲濾水裝置（Lysimeter）使用四種不同水田土壤舉行硫酸銨與尿素肥料之比較試驗，調查硫酸銨及尿素肥料對水稻之肥料效應及其在水田土壤中之氮素滲濾損失情況，經四年共七期作之試驗結果如下： 1. 硫酸銨與尿素對水稻株高及分蘗之效應，兩者相差甚微，對谷藁產量之效應則硫酸銨優於尿素，以硫酸銨做100時，尿素之相對產量分別為96，94。尿素在砂質壤土之臺北及屏東土壤對谷產量之效應優於硫酸銨，但在坋質壤土之員林及中壢土壤則較硫酸銨為差，對藁產量之效應，則無論何種土壤尿素之效應均較硫酸銨為差。 On fertilization effect and leaching loss of plant nutrients as affected by the application of ammonium sulfate and urea, a lysimeter experiment was conducted from 1961 to 1964, using four kinds of major paddy soils of Taiwan. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Ammonium sulfate had higher yields of grain and straw than urea despite of little difference in plant height and number of tillers by the two nitrogenous fertilizers. The yield indexes of grain and straw in the urea plot averages 96 and 94 individaully when those of ammonium sulfate were taken as 100. Of varied paddy soils, both of Pingtung and Taipei silt loam had almost the same or/and rather better effect on grain yield by the supply of urea as compared with ammonium sulfate, but Chungli and Yuanlin silty clay loam gave fairly low yield of grain conversely. The yields of straw in the different soils were consistently low with urea application.