耐寒性大豆品種之選拔及研究 (I)品種特性及選種指標

Abstract

(一) 為選拔耐寒性大豆品種供本省中部地區裡作栽培或育種用，研究裡作低溫、寡照環境下大豆品種性狀之表現，探討有何明確之特性或指標，可供耐寒品種選種之用起見，特在氣象條件相異之臺中萬豐及埔里二地，同時進行本試驗，以便比較研究。 (二) 本次裡作大豆開花期前後一週左右，遭受65年12月中下旬及66年1月初旬數度嚴重寒流之影響，引致明顯之不稔，分枝發育不良，莢果停止發育，致使供試344品種性狀之表現普遍均差，株高為9-35cm，分枝數為0~5，主莖節數為4~10，二粒莢數為0~12個，總莢數為1~26個，種子粒數為2~40粒，粒重為1~10公克，同時絕大多數品種上述性狀之數值，係分佈較低之一端。 (三) 根據調查七個性狀與產量（粒重）之相關關係（表2）為依據而建立以二粒莢果數在7個以上時為耐寒性大豆品種之選種指標，在田間選拔計算時，省時省力可靠，經依據該指標入選之六個耐寒性品種（代號為20、31、140、176、256及263）之其他特性為株高在20cm以上，總莢數在15個以上，單株粒重在3公克以上，因之採用二粒莢果數（7個以上）入選耐寒品種時，若能同時考慮該三性狀，當更可增加耐寒性品種的選拔效果。 (四)本次埔里裡作大豆試驗結果，多數品種之重要農藝性狀之成績，與萬豐試區相似或較優，知埔里之裡作氣象環境有利於大豆之生產。 1. This experiment was carried out to find out if colder tolerant soybeans were exist in the germplasms, and to investigate the performance of characters and the indicative traits for selection of cold tolerance, by growing them in field under winter crop season (after 2nd rice crop) at two locations (Wanfung and Puli) differed in temperature with favor in Wanfung village. The need of cold tolerant soybean materials as a breeding objective become more significant, particulary in central Taiwan area where 40,000-50,000 hectares of paddy field idled in winter time. 2. Characters of winter planting soybeans: We had cooler weather (18-10°C to 17-7°C) during mid-end November 1976 and the first part of January 1977, the time soybean plants were blooming. Eight plant characters of the 344 entries measured were poor due to the cooler temperature. In general, they had 9-35 cm tall, 0-5 branches, 4-10 nodes of main stem, 0-12 of 2-seeded pods, 1-26 pods, 2-40 seeds, and 1-10 grams of seed weight per plant, and most of the entries were distributed into the lower figure portion.