瓊麻炭疽病之發生調查及防治試驗
Other Title
Studies on Sisal Anthracnose and it's Control
Journal
農業研究
Journal Volume
11
Journal Issue
4
Start Page
36
End Page
47
Date Issued
1962-12-04
Date
1962-12-04
Author(s)
杜金池
C.C. Tu
Abstract
1. 瓊麻炭疽病為臺灣瓊麻最主要病害，病原菌為 Colletotrichum agaves Cav. ，為害瓊麻老葉，使發生褐色或黑褐色病斑，葉片乾枯、縱皺、破壞纖維、使纖維帶褐色而易折斷，失去經濟利用價值。
2. 本病之發生與麻園距海之遠近無關，大都發生在有機械損傷及罹有日燒病之葉片上，發病時期為5~9月，麻田方向以向北、南之麻園發病較烈。
3. 瓊麻收割月份不同與炭疽病為害輕重有關，就罹病程度、產量、纖維等級觀之，以3月份最好，6月份次之，9月份最差。換言之，在本病盛發時期5月以前收割之麻園可使炭疽病之發生減少至最低程度。
4. 莖部施藥可撲滅本病之第1次感染原。就罹病擴大情形及罹病指數觀之，以 Sulfer 400 倍處理區最好。Granosan 1,000 倍處理區次之。
5. 田間防治試驗共使用4種殺菌劑： Granosan l,000倍，6~6式Bordeaux mixture, Ceresan Lime 及 Sanmicron E. C. 1,000倍等。 Granosan l,000 倍處理區效果最好，病斑擴大約為對照區之1/7，分級纖維比率為 91.23，高於對照區約l倍，分級後之纖維多為乙級品。其餘各藥劑處理均比對照區良好，其藥效順序為： Granosan l,000倍> 6~6 式Bordeaux mixture > Ceresan lime > Sanmicron E. C.
1. Anthracnose is the most important disease of sisal plant in Taiwan. It is caused by Colletotrichum agaves Cav. Initial symptoms show brown or brownish black spots on the old leaves of sisal plant. Then, form large spot with straw color in the center, finally the leaves dry up, lossen togather, and the fiber turned into br-own color, easy to be broken by wind. Thus, the economic value is much decreased.
2. This disease occurs only on those leaves that are injured maclinically or by sun burn, no matter how far the infested field located from seashore. The prevalent period of the disease is around May to September, and plants heavily infected are in the fields of northern and southern. Another directions correlation factor seems to be existed between the occurence period and the duration of sunshine.
3. Harvesting time is also related to the degree of disease damages. According to the severity of the affected plant, March is considered to be the best time for harvesting, and June is the next. The worst time for cutting sisal leaves is around September. Harvesting made before May may avoid the infestation of this disease to a great extent.
4. Spraying with fungicides on the left scars of the sisal stem where harbor numerous fruiting bodies of the pathogen results in good control of the disease. Among the fungicides tested Sulfer is the best one and Granosan the next.
5. Four kinds of fungicides: Granosan 0.1%, 6-6 Bordeaux mixture, Ceresan lime and Sanmicron E. C. 0.1% were used for field controlling experiments. Granosan was the most effective one. The expansion of lesions on sisal leaves from this treatment was about 1/7 of those from check plot, the ratio of graded fiber from treated plots is 91.23. almost double of those from check plot. The effectiveness of the fungicides may be listed below in descending order: Granosan, 6-6 Bordeaux mixture, Ceresan lime, Sanmicron.
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
journal article
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