藥用植物之組織培養技術
Other Title
Tissue Culture Technology of Medicinal Herbs and Its Application in Taiwan
Pages
113-124
Start Page
113
End Page
124
ISBN
957-02-4205-1
Date Issued
1999-03
Date
1999-03
Author(s)
蔡新聲
Hsin-Sheng Tsay
Abstract
藥用植物對人類健康極為重要，我國傳統醫學用藥以植物性藥物為主，歷經數千年而不衰，為我國醫藥文化之重要資源，值得加以發揚光大。從生藥研究開發新藥製品之市場，在公元2,000年預期將會有大幅度的成長。目前所有藥物中，自生藥取得成分者約佔25%，而其應用範圍仍不斷增加。然而許多藥用植物之繁殖，常面臨世代過長、果實結實率極低、種子發芽不良及因異花授粉產生後代嚴重變異等困難；而部分已瀕臨絕種之珍稀藥用植物更應立刻加以保存，組織培養技術提供了解決這些問題的機會。過去十年中農業試驗所在國科會補助下，進行本土藥用植物-台灣金線連及大陸珍貴藥材-當歸之組織培養技術研究，本文敘述這兩種藥用植物利用組織培養之大量繁殖技術。又懸浮細胞除可做為植物大量繁殖的材料外，亦可做為二次代謝物生產的工廠。由於植物懸浮細胞不具色素，而且生合成之二次代謝物純化過程極為簡單，如此不但大大降低了生產成本，而且提供週年生產的機會，因此利用植物懸浮細胞生產人類有用的重要醫療成分，前景亦大有可為。本文也報導農業試驗所在國科會支持下，進行紅豆杉、柴胡、竹葉柴胡、當歸、山藥、銀杏及白芷等藥用植物細胞懸浮培養之初步研究成果。
Medicinal herbs are the most important sources of medicines and many other pharmaceutical products, comprising about 25% of prescribed drugs. However, many of these plants when propagated by conventional methods take a long time for multiplication. They either have a low rate of fruit set, or have a poor seed germination and sometimes the clonal uniformity cannot be maintained through seed. Most of all, those endangered medicinal herb germplasms need to be conserved. The rapid multiplication of medicinal herbs by tissue culture techniques can help to solve these problems. Mass propagation of the medicinal herbs such as Anoectochilus formosanus (台灣金線連 ) and Angelica sinensis (當歸) has been the main research subjects of Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute during the last ten years. Current research in this area and their development, achievements during the process of mass propagation will also be discussed. Cell suspension systems could be used for the large-scale culture of plant cells from which secondary metabolites can be extracted. The principal advantage of this technology is that it may ultimately provide a continuous, reliable source of natural products year-round. In addition, compounds from tissue cultures may be more easily purified because of simple extraction procedure and the absence of significant amounts of pigments, thus possibly reducing production and processing costs. This paper described the methods that we have established for the production of useful compounds of the Angelica dahurica (白芷) , Dioscorea doryophora (山藥)Bupheurum falcatum (三島柴胡) Bupleurum marginatum (竹葉柴胡) and Angelica sinensis (當歸) by callus and cell suspension culture.
Event(s)
1999藥用植物之開發與利用研討會
Proceedings of the Symposium on Development and Utilization of Medicinal Plants 1999
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
book part
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