水稻重要病害抗性機制及基因工程研究之進展與現況

Abstract

水稻病害是水稻生產的主要限制因子。目前稻熱病、白葉枯病及紋枯病是肆虐水稻生產區域最為嚴重的三種病害。前二者已有許多抗病主效基因座已被定位、選殖，甚至已被廣泛應用於抗性改良的育種計畫。然而，在紋枯病抗性的相關研究，截自現今卻仍未發現具有育種價值的種原或主效基因。因此，本文主要是針對目前水稻-病原菌間的交互作用、植物抗病機制與抗病性基因工程等研究之進展與現況進行相關回顧與整理，冀能作為日後國內啟動相關分子育種之參考基礎。 Rice diseases are main limiting factors for the rice production. At present, blast, bacterial blight and sheath blight are the most serious diseases in many rice producing areas. Many major genes resistant to the first two diseases have been mapped, cloned and even applied widely in the breeding programs for the resistance improvements. However, the germplasm or major resistance genes with important breeding value have still not been found in the previous studies. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent progress and status on the studies of interaction between plants and pathogens, the resistance mechanism in plants, and genetic engineering of disease resistance. This emerging knowledge might be served as the basis for the initiation of molecular breeding of disease resistance in Taiwan.