春石斛育種及種苗生產技術之研發

金石文; 呂廷森; 陳福旗; Shih-Wen Chin; Ting-Sen Lu; Fure-Chyi Chen

春石斛育種及種苗生產技術之研發

Journal

2010花卉研究團隊研究現況與展望研討會專刊

Part Of

農業試驗所特刊第154號

Pages

49-61

ISBN

978-986-02-9581-8

Date Issued

2011-10

Date

2011-10

Author(s)

金石文

呂廷森

陳福旗

Shih-Wen Chin

Ting-Sen Lu

Fure-Chyi Chen

URI

https://scholars.tari.gov.tw/handle/123456789/14796

Abstract

春石斛為國內具經濟栽培及種苗外銷潛力的新興蘭科作物，其雖已被引進多年，唯只有少數蘭園零星栽培、缺乏高效率栽培模式、自有品種亦少、種苗量產技術也不成熟，過去投入此作物的研究也相當有限。由於春石斛可利用低溫處理誘導花芽分化，因此商業栽培上可據以計畫生產開花株上市。台灣地處亞熱帶氣候區，適合春石斛種苗之養成，出口到目標市場後再進行催花，因此具有發展潛力，加上國內已有少業者嘗試外銷，唯品種來源、種苗產量及養成、催花及花朵觀賞期等技術仍待開發。種苗量產過去多以高芽繁殖，新品種育成時其數量有限，因此必需開發組織培養量產技術。利用高芽或側芽生長點可以建立無菌芽體，並用以進行芽體增殖或誘導擬原球體(protocorm-like bodies，PLBs)。由文獻分析，春石斛組織培養可利用適當培養基添加細胞分裂素及生長素，誘導芽體及增殖，或經由癒合組織分化為PLBs 之量產體系，再形成小植株，利用此兩體系或可補充高芽生產效率不足的問題。在育種上，經由譜系分析而得知春石斛栽培種之重要原種有九種。最主要之育種者為山本次郎，至2006 年，共在RHS 登錄573 個栽培種。依登錄時間分析這些組合，其原種所佔之比率可分為三種類型。其一為大致呈穩定之比率，如金釵石斛(Den. nobile)約佔47%，尖刀唇石斛(Den. heterocarpum)約17%，蜂腰石斛(Den. findlayanum)約15%，腫節石斛(Den. pendulum)及櫻石斛(Den. linawianum)約3%；其二為隨著年代逐漸減少，如國王石斛(Den. regium)由11%降至1.5%，黃喉石斛(Den. signatum)由30%降至8%；其三為早年血緣比率較低或無，近年增加者，如白石斛(Den. moniliforme)由1%增至19%，以及利用銘黃石斛(Den. friedericksianum)之雜交種於1987 年被登錄，近年明顯利用其單花壽命長之優勢於雜交品種。生產高品質之春石斛盆花的先決條件是培育成熟度足夠的假球莖，因為催花植株本身的成熟狀態影響花芽分化之成效。首先必須在營養生長期間將夜溫提升至15℃以上，以20~30％之遮陰並充分通風以防止葉燒，給予肥料及水分養成假球莖達到商品標準之高度；再利用光照、溫度等環境條件調控使假球莖肥大，進入成熟階段。再利用10~15℃低夜溫進行催花。在通風及15~20℃溫度條件下進行開花，可降低高芽產生的風險。不同品種對於催花低溫需求不同，因此有必要先行試作栽培以掌握品種特性，以創造最高產值。 Nobile dendrobium is a new orchid crop to be promoted in Taiwan due to its potentials in economic cultivation and exportation of young plants. Despite its introduction to the country for many years less attention was focused for research by the public institutions and only grew in few orchid nureries, with less efficient cultivation technology, only few own varieties, and early stage for exploitation of mass production. Since nobile dendrobium can be forced to flower by low temperature, it is possible for schedule production of flowering plants at commercial scale. Due to the location in subtropical region Taiwan situated, it is very suitable for production of young and mature plants and then exported to destination markets for further flower induction by low temperature. Although Taiwan has the potential to promote this orchid, several problems need to be solved, including limited own varieties, techniques for mass production of planting materials and forcing cultivation, flower induction as well as extending flowering period, have await to be developed. Therefore, it is urgent to exploit micropropagation through shoot tip of keikis or axillary buds to establish sterile stock materials for further induction of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs). Through the analysis of published literature, knowledge on the requirements for tissue culture of nobile dendrobium includes supplementation of auxin and cytokinin in a suitable medium in order to induce shoots and subsequent multiplication. Alternatively, it is possible to regenerate PLBs via callus formation and then regeneration to form young plantlets. Both shoot and PLB regeneration system will overcome the drawback of low multiplication rate of using keikis. For the aspect of breeding new hybrids, it reveals 9 species contributed to modern hybrids through pedigree record and analysis. The most important breeder in the world is Mr. Jiro Yamamoto. He registered a total of 573 cultivated hybrids in RHS. Analysis of the registered hybrids according to time frame, the contributed species can be classified into 3 groups. The first group consists of stable percentage of species contribution, such as Den. nobile for 47%, Den. heterocarpum for 17%, Den. findlayanum for 15%, Den. pendulum and Den. linawianum for about 3%. The second group consists of those species with decreasing percentage along the time, such as Den. regium from 11% to 1.5%, Den. signatum from 30% to 8%. The third group consists of those with low contribution during early years to recently increased uses, such as Den. moniliforme from 1% to 19%, and the contribution of Den. friedericksianum first in 1987 and recently frequent use in modern hybrids due to its longer flower shelf life. The prerequisite for producing high quality potted nobile dendrobium orchids is to grow pseudobulb with enough maturity, since the maturity of the forcing plants will determine flower induction efficiency. In the first, the night temperature needs to be raised above 15℃ during vegetative growth period. It is also important to shade for 20-30% and enough ventilation to prevent leaf burn, supply suitable levels of fertilizer and water to promote growth to the plant height of commercial standard. Furthermore, lighting and temperature need to be managed to force the full growth of pseudobulbs and reach the maturity stage for flowering forcing by night temperature of 10~15℃. Flowering under 15~20℃ environment will reduce the risk of keiki formation. Since the requirement of low temperature for flower induction varies among different cultivars, it is utmost to understand the horticultural characteristics of each cultivar in order to create highest production values.

Event(s)

2010花卉研究團隊研究現況與展望研討會

2010 Proceedings of the Symposium on Current Researches and Prospects of the Floriculture Research Team

Subjects

春石斛

種苗量產

開花調節

肥培管理

雜交育種

nobile dendrobium

mass production of propagules

flowering regulation

fertilizer management

hybridization breeding

Exploitation of Breeding Novel Nobile Dendrobium Hybrids and Micropropagation Technology

Publisher

農業試驗所

Type

conference paper

File(s)

Name

no154-5.pdf

Size

559.05 KB

Format

Adobe PDF

Checksum

(MD5):2938741c1b53968e96a91dab0ffcd82c