三種不同配方之肥料對蝴蝶蘭小苗營養生長與養分吸收之影響
Other Title
The Effect of Three Fertilizer Formulae on the Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Phalaenopsis amabilis var. formosana in Seedling Stage
Journal
臺灣農業化學與食品科學
Journal Volume
46
Journal Issue
2
Pages
57-69
Date Issued
2008-04
Date
2008-04
Author(s)
Abstract
施用適當量肥料可使植物生長良好，且避免因肥料之過量施用而污染環境及浪費資源，進而增加栽培者之收益。蝴蝶蘭是臺灣目前重要之花卉之一，商業生產蝴蝶蘭所選用之肥料氮、磷及鉀比例是否恰當？相關之研究有限•本研究之目的在探討憂灣蝴蝶蘭之栽培業者慣用之肥培管理對蝴蝶蘭生長與養分吸收之影響，以做為栽培及改進配方之參考。共選用氮、磷及鉀比例不同之三種商業肥料（30N-10P2O5-10K2O、20N-20P2O5-20K2O及15N-20P2O5-25K2O，代號分別為30-10-10、20-20-20及15-20-25)。栽培期間共五個月。處理之後每個月測量各處理之葉面積、葉數、葉與根之乾重，同時測定葉與根之氮、磷、鉀、鈣、鎂、鐵、錳、銅與鋅之濃度。結果顯示，三種施肥處理之蝴蝶蘭小苗營養生長情形良好且皆無顯著差異，但對植體中元素濃度及吸收量之影響則因元素種類而異。30-10-10處理之蝴蝶蘭小苗植體中氮濃度顯著較高，累積吸收的氮量也是最多，但吸收效率卻最低：三處理植體中之磷濃度與吸收量間均無顯著差異，但15-20-25及20-20-20兩處理之磷有過量供給及浪費現象；積體之鉀濃度與吸收量均以肥料中鉀濃度最低之30-10-10處理者顯著較低，三處理均顯示鉀之供給量不足；雖然三處理間植體中之鈣與鎂濃度與吸收量無顯著差異，但顯示植體中鈣與鎂低於文獻所報導之蝴蝶蘭之鈣與鎂濃度，養液配方中應考慮鈣及增加鎂之供給；整體而言，三種施肥處理之蝴蝶蘭植體中之鐵、錳、銅及鋅無顯著差異，也無缺乏之虞。
Adequate fertilization is necessary not only for the qptimum growth of crop plants but also environmental friendly. Phalenopsis (Phal. Amabilis var. formosana) is an important commercial flower of Taiwan. However, there is limited information on fertilization in relation to Phalaenopsis and the effects of various nutrients on the growth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three different formulae of commercialized fertilizers on the growth and nutrient uptake during the five-month growth period of seeding of Phalaenopsis. The three different kinds of fertilizers with different nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) concentrations are: 30N-10P2O5-10K2O (30-10-10), 20N-20P2O5-20L2O (20-20-20), and 15N-20P2O5-25L2O (15-20-15). The leaf area, leaf number, and dry weight of leaves and roots and the concentrations of N, P, K, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), zine (Zn), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn)of the leaves and roots of phalaenopsis of different treatments were measured. The results show that treatments of different fertilizer formulae had no significant effect on the growth during the five-month growth is seedling stare of Phalaenopsis. However, the concentrations and accumulation of different nutrients in plants were affedted by the treatment. Treatment of 30-10-10 resi;ted om the highest concentration and the largest accumulation of N in the different parts of Phalaenopsis. The N use efficiency of treatment 30-10-10 was the lowerst among treatments. The concentrations and accumulation of P in roots and leaves of Phalaenopsis were not risnificantly affected by the different fertilizer formulae. However, excess of P supply was observed in treatments of 15-20-25 and 20-20-20. The K concentration in plant and the uptake of K of the treatment 30-10-10 was the lowest among treatments. Potassium supply seems insufficient in all treatments. There were no significant differences in Ca and Mg concentrations is plants and uptake of Ca and Mg among treatments. The concentrations of Ca and Mg of the studied plants being lower than those of reported studies mean that the supplies of Ca and Mg were insufficient. It is mecessaru tp omcrease the supply of Ca and Mg. In general, there were on significant differences in Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations in different parts of the plants among treatments. The supplies of Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn through fertilizer, irrigation water, and moss seems enough for the growth of Phalaenopsis.
Subjects
蝴蝶蘭
肥料
氮
磷
鉀
營養生長
Phalaenopsis
Fertilizer
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Potassium
Vegetative growth
Publisher
台灣農業化學會與台灣食品科學技術學會
Type
journal article
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