颱風災害後作物防疫之策略與措施

Abstract

為協助農民從颱風災害後迅速復耕，恢復台灣農作物產銷機能，確實擬定有效之災後作物防疫重建措施，實有其迫切需要。農作物於強風豪雨侵襲下，常發生倒伏及田區淹水，加上天氣放晴後溫度升高，致耕作環境高溫多濕，易使農作物疫病蟲害孳生蔓延，如：柑桔類的潰瘍病、水稻的白葉枯病、蔬菜類的軟腐病、疫病及炭疽病等。以莫拉克颱風為例，災後防檢局持續與各區農業改良場及縣市政府保持密切聯繫，定時詢問該轄作物受災及疫病蟲害發生現況，如有突發疫情均立即處置，另加強各地農作物疫情監測，迅速採取防治措施，以利作物根部恢復生育，在嚴重受損田區，應先清園後方能復耕，並落實復耕作物之病蟲害防治，以確保其生產安全。整體而言，颱風災害發生後，植物防疫工作目標在於有效管理作物疫情，其執行措施應包括監控作物疫情及輿情動態、支援地方政府及農業 改良場協助農民進行災後疫病蟲害之防治、適時發布新聞籲請農民進行作物復育工作，及整備防治資材並由各縣市政府轉發與督導農民進行防治等工作，上列所舉仍須仰賴各機關及農友積極配合並落實執行，才能有效做好災後植物防疫工作。 In order to assist farmers recovering rapidly from devastating by typhoon, and to restore the function of crop production and marketing in Taiwan, it is urgently needed to draw up effective crop protection measures for reconstruction of farmlands and prevention the outbreak of plant diseases and pests aftermath. Natural disasters such as typhoon often came with strong winds and heavy rains, which caused flooding and lodging of crops in fields, and when the weather became clear after typhoon, temperature started to increase with high humidity, the micro-environment in field condition gradually became conducive to various crop diseases and pests, such as Citrus canker, Bacterial leaf blight of rice, Bacterial soft rot, Phytophthora rot or Anthracnose. After Typhoon Morakot, BAPHIQ and various District Agricultural Research and Extension Station (DARES) and county governments maintained a close contact timely, investigated the occurrence of plant pests and diseases within each territory to prevent any outbreak of plant pests and diseases, we also strengthened pest and disease surveillance program, took prompt action for control measures, to facilitate the growth of plant root. In General, the measures of plant protection after typhoon were aiming at the effective management of crop pests and diseases outbreak, its implement should include monitoring crop pests or diseases, and their population or disease dynamic in the field, supported the local government and DARES to speed up the technical assistance for farmers in management of crop pest and diseases, released pest alert to were farmers in preparing crops restoration work, the above mentioned measures warn still required close cooperation among various counties and farmers to carry out crop protection works after typhoon.