利用砂耕法比較營養缺乏與營養平衡對瓊麻生長之影響
Other Title
The Influence of Nutrient Deficiency and Nutient balance on Growth of Sisal as Studied by Method of Sand Culture
Journal
中華農學會報
Journal Issue
新69
Pages
58-69
Date Issued
1970-03
Date
1970-03
Author(s)
賴銘立
朱汝冬
Ming-Li Lai
Ju-Tung Chu
Abstract
(一)本研究各處理區瓊麻之生育優劣順序為營養平衡區、缺鎂區、缺鈣區、缺硫區、缺鉀區、缺磷區及缺氮區(見圖5及6)。 (二)瓊麻因主要元素缺乏，易誘發之生理病為：1. 缺氮：誘發黃萎病及葉尖枯萎病。2. 缺磷：誘發葉尖枯萎病及黃化鑲紋病。3. 缺鉀：誘發帶化病及葉尖枯萎病。4. 缺鈣：誘發莖腐病、壞疽病、葉尖急速萎凋病及葉尖枯萎。5. 缺鎂：誘發黃化鑲紋病、壞疽病、葉尖枯萎病及莖腐病。6. 缺硫：誘發黃化鑲紋病、壞疽病及葉尖枯萎病。 (三)就瓊麻各處理區之生長勢，吸收主要元素量及麻株各部乾物質主要元素含量等項綜合比較結果獲知： 1. 根部乾物質中以硫素含量較高，葉部則以其他5主要元素含量較高。 2. 瓊麻缺乏主要元素時，其根部易聚積硫素，葉部易聚積鎂素。缺氮區各部植物組織亦聚積大量鉀素，並阻?磷素吸收。缺磷區各部植物組織易聚積大量鉀素及氮素。 3. 氮素影響瓊麻生長及纖維產量至鉅，瓊麻對氮素之需求量亦最大。 4. 磷素對瓊麻生長及纖維產量之影響僅次於氮素，惟瓊麻對其需求量不大。 5. 鉀素影響瓊麻纖維產量之品質最大，瓊麻對鉀素之需求量僅次於氮素。 6. 鈣素、鎂素及硫素對瓊麻幼苗期生長影響較大，成氮期則鎂素之影響較其他各主要元素為小。麻株需求鎂素及硫素量不大，惟需求鈣素量則殷，並易聚積於莖部及葉部。
The materials used in this experiment are bulbils of Agave rigida Miller var. sisalana Englem. They were sand-cultured in plastic pots filled with plastic sands in order to support sisal plants. The ratio of N: P: K within nutrient solution was 100: 22: 83, and the total concentration of salts in the solution was less than 0.1%. This experiment was conducted in 4 replications in glass room, which was furnished with the equipment for addition of oxygen and moisture control. 1. The sisal plants in balanced nutrient plot at 30 months of age showed the best development and the highest yield. In the cases of the Mg-deficiency, Ca-deficiency, S-deficiency and K-deficiency treatments, their growth was poor, while the P-deficiency and N-deficiency treatments were the worst. It is then proved that the sisal requires earnestly nitrogen, phosphorus, and then potassium, sulfur,calcium and magnesium. 2. The following physiological diseases are easily aroused by nutrient deficiencies in sisal: (1) N-deficiency: Arousing chlorosis and purple leaf tip roll. (2) P-deficiency: Arousing purple leaf tip roll and chlorotic mottle leaf. (3) K-deficiency: Arousing belt yellow disease and purple leaf tip roll. (4) Ca-deficiency: Arousing sudden tip wither, necrotic spot and purple leaf tip roll. (5) Mg-deficiency: Arousing purple leaf tip roll, chlorotic mottle leaf and necrotic spot. (6) S-deficiency: Arousing chlorotic mottle leaf, necrotic spot and purple leaf tip roll. 3. Based on the growth records absorption of essential elements and plant analysis of sisal plants, the experimental results are discribed as follows: (1) S is contained higher amount in the sisal root, while other give nutrients are more abundant in the leaves. (2) Surplus S or M may be accumulated within the root or leaf of sisal in those treatments deficient in any one of the essential elements. In the P-deficiency treatment, surplus K and N are accumulated within every plant part. In N-deficiency treatment, surplus K is accumulated within every plant part. Moreover, N-deficiency hinders the absorption of P. (3) N is the most important element to the growth and fiber production of sisal, and the requirement is also the highest. (4) The importance of P is only next to that of N in affecting the growth and fiber production of sisal, although the amount of requirement is not enormous. (5) K is the most important in regard to the fiber strength of sisal, and its requirement is only lower than that of N. (6) In the seedling stages of sisal, Ca, Mg and S are more important than in the growing stage. Mg is less important to sisal than the other five essential elements. Ca is always absorbed excessively; most of Ca are accumulated within the stem and leaf.
Subjects
砂耕法
營養平衡
營養缺乏
瓊麻
Publisher
中華農學會
Type
journal article