(特235號)作物病害之非農藥防治實務專書

Abstract

臺灣常年高溫多濕，適合多種植物病原菌的危害與傳播，嚴重影響農產品的產量與品質。自從化學合成農藥問世後，基於經濟與速效之考量，農民多仰賴化學農藥來防治作物病害，而忽略其他防治措施手段與管理策略。然而，常施用農藥不僅可能有礙農民與消費者健康、造成藥害、讓害物易產生抗藥性，或危害非目標生物等，尤其環保意識抬頭後，農藥更是受人詬病。近年來，政府極力提倡『有機農業』與『永續農業』，在病蟲害管裡方面多獎勵研發安全且有效的非農藥防治方法，逐漸降低對化學農藥之依賴，以保障健康、生態的平衡、及農業的永續經營。依據各種病害之病原生態不同，可使用之非農藥防治手段亦隨之不同。如果非農藥防治法使用得當，不但可以減少化學農藥的使用，且對病害防治可達事半功倍之效果。現今台灣經常使用的非農藥防治方法，由預防性至治療性措施包括土壤健康管理、種子處理、健康種苗、抗病品種與根砧、誘導性抗病、有益微生物、天然植物萃取物、栽培管理、物理防治、其他非農藥防病資材應用等均於文中一一闡述。本書更將多項非農藥防治技術與資材，導入作物病蟲害綜合管理 (Integrated Pest Management, 簡稱IPM) 體系之中，並舉出已實際應用於數種重要作物之病害管理實務上的成功案例，作為從事農業生產或農業研究與推廣人員可茲依循之工具書。 Taiwan's perennial high temperature and humidity are suitable for the damage and spread of various plant pathogens, which seriously affect the yield and quality of agricultural products. Since the invention of synthetic chemical pesticides, farmers have heavily relied on chemical pesticides to prevent and control crop diseases due to economic and quick-acting considerations, while ignoring other control measures and management strategies. However, the frequent application of chemical pesticides may not only influence the health of farmers and consumers, but also cause chemical injury on crops; enhance pesticide resistance in target pests, or harm non-target organisms, etc. The pesticides are strongly criticized especially after the rise of environmental awareness. In recent years, the government has vigorously promoted "organic agriculture" and "sustainable agriculture". In terms of pest management, to ensure a healthy ecological balance and gradually reduce the dependence on chemical pesticides, the development of safe and effective non-pesticide control methods are encouraged. According to disease ecology, the non-pesticide control methods are different. The proper application of the non-pesticide control will not only reduce the use of chemical pesticides, but also improve the effect of disease control. Non-pesticide control methods are frequently used in Taiwan nowadays, ranging from preventive to therapeutic measures, which include the usage of soil health management, seed treatment, healthy seedlings, disease-resistant varieties and root stocks, induced disease resistance, beneficial microorganisms, natural plant extracts, cultivation management, physical control, and the application of other materials. All the methods abovementioned are described in this book. This book summarizes and cites successful cases that have applied eco-friendly approaches into the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) system of crops; thus, this book can be considered as a reference book for crop production or agricultural research and extension personnel to follow.