台灣作物線蟲病害之發生及其綜合防治

Abstract

省植物病原線蟲經調查計有31 屬41 種寄生性線蟲為害本省經濟作物而其中導致本省作物連作障害的線蟲，首推根瘤線蟲（Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, M. arenaria, M. hapla ) ，其次為南方根腐線蟲（Pratylenchus coffae）及柑桔線蟲（Tylenchulus semiPenetrans）。此外，地上部植物病原線蟲如葉芽線蟲( APhelenchoides besseyi ）及松材線蟲（BursaPhelenchus xylophilus ）在本省水稻及二葉松等作物上亦造成重大危害。本省作物線蟲病害之防治宜採用健康種苗，選植抗線蟲之品種或砧木，配合非寄主作物輪作制度、土壤有機質添加、生物防治、太陽能土壤消毒及化學葯劑以消滅或管理降低土壤中病原線蟲之密度，以減少線蟲之危害，並達成永續管理之目地。 There are 31 genera and 41 species of plant-parasitic nematodes recognized in Taiwan, among them, root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, M. arenaria, M. hapla), root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus coffeae) and citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) were the major found in continuously cropping problem due to phytonematodes. Management of plant parasitic nematodes problem in this report rely on specific basic strategies to kill and decrease the inoculum density of pathogen, including using healthy seedling / resistant stock, non-host rotation, adding organic amendments, biological control, urea treated with solarization and/or chemical control.