毛豆品種改良

Abstract

本計畫目的育成大莢豐產、莢色綠、食味品質佳、適合機械採收之毛豆品種，供加工冷凍及生鮮冷藏外銷用，以提昇台灣毛豆產品在國際市場的競爭力。105 年將「毛豆高雄9號及高雄11 號」兩品種非專屬授權予產業界利用計6 件。本年度 (1) 計雜交8 個組合成功，共獲得F1 種子686 粒，並於105 年秋裡作培育其F1 世代。(2) 104 年秋裡作培育F1～F6 世代計有44 個組合，並在F5～F6 世代16 個組合中選出880 單株。105 年春作在F5～F6世代20 個組合中選出1,423 單株。(3) 株行試驗採分季選拔，春、秋兩作各選出120 及100個品系。(4) 第一年品系試驗，春、秋兩作綜合評估選出一般豆香36 個品系及芋香30 個品系。第二年品系試驗，春、秋兩作綜合評估選出一般豆香15 個品系及芋香10 個品系。第三年品系試驗，春、秋兩作綜合評估選出一般豆香及芋香各4 個品系。(5) 新品系區域試驗，高屏兩個地區試驗結果，豆香品系以KVS1474 品系表現最佳，其104 年秋作之公頃合格莢產量14,967 公斤，較對照品種高雄9 號增產14.3%；105 年春作公頃合格莢產量11,777公斤，與高雄9 號相近。芋香品系以KVA198 品系表現最佳，104 年秋作之公頃合格莢產量為12,444 公斤，較對照品種高雄11 號增產22.2%；105 年春作公頃合格莢產量12,748公斤，較高雄11 號增產26.2%。 The purposes of vegetable soybean cross breeding are to develop new varieties with large pod, high yield, good quality, resistance to stress and mechanical harvesting that were suitable for export as frozen or fresh pod process in Taiwan. “Kaohsiung 9” and “Kaohsiung 11” varieties were granted non-exclusive license to processors. The experimental results were summarized as follow during the fall crop of 2015 to the spring crop of 2016: 1) A total of 686 F1 hybrid seeds were obtained from 8 cross combinations, and were propagated F1 generation. 2) In the propagation and selection trials, SPD method was applied to propagating F2-F6 segregative generations, also 880 and 1,423 superior single plants of F5-F6 generations were selected in the fall crop of 2015 and the spring crop of 2016, respectively. 3) In the plant-to-row trial, 120 and 100 fixed lines were selected to depend on their performance in the fall crop of 2015 and the spring crop of 2016, respectively. 4) In the first year lines trial, 36 non-aroma and 30 aroma lines were selected to depend on their performance among 207 tested lines. In the second year lines trial, 15 non-aroma and 10 aroma lines were selected to depend on their performance among 57 tested lines. In the third year lines trial, 4 non-aroma and 4 aroma lines were selected to depend on their performance among 19 tested lines. 5) In the regional trials at Kaohsiung and Pingtung areas, KVS1474 line of non-aroma group had higher graded pod yields by 13.9% and was the same graded pod yields than check variety, “Kaohsiung 9” in the fall crop of 2015 and the spring crop of 2016, respectively. KVA198 line of aroma group had higher graded pod yields by 22.2% and 26.2% than check variety, “Kaohsiung 11” in the fall crop of 2015 and the spring crop of 2016, respectively.