建立硬質玉米種子籌供體系

Abstract

有鑒於近年來氣候變化異常，造成作物栽培上之障礙，輕則產量減少，重則廢耕，損失慘重，本研究透過模擬採種栽植方式，分別在不同種穗含水率條件下進行機械採收作業，藉以探討在該作業模式下之最適種穗含水率。研究結果顯示，以機械進行玉米台南24 號種穗採收時，隨著種穗含水率下降，其完全去除苞葉者之比例呈現上升趨勢，而種穗破損率則有下降情形。另為穩定硬質玉米種子供應，實有必要建立適於國內栽培推廣之非本國硬質玉米品種資料，經103 及104 年評估結果，新品種S12 可列為國內硬質玉米推廣品種選項。而為避免高粱種子因儲藏期間水分含量上升而發生品質劣變問題，本研究針對不同包裝材料處理方式在種子水分含量、發芽率及發芽勢等方面之影響進行探討，調查結果顯示，不同種穗含水率對於採穗機作業之影響具有顯著差異；在種子發芽率、發芽勢及平均發芽日數等方面則差異不顯著。 Due to the climate change in recent years, the impacts on cultivation which cause the reduction of production or the suspension of farming have gradually increased and often result in great financial losses. To discuss the effect on seed production of hybrid corn, in this study we will test the mechanical harvesting methods, investigate the factors influencing yield, and finally establish a production model which the moistures content of seeds are appropriate for the machining operation. The results indicate that there is a positive correlation between the husking rate and the moisture content of seed in the corn variety Tainan No. 24 harvested mechanically, while the correlation between the broken rate and the moisture content is negative. In order to stabilize the provision of feed corn seeds, it is necessary to establish the fundamental data of the foreign varieties which are suitable to grow in Taiwan. According to the results of evaluations conducted in 2014 and 2015, the S12 could be one candidate as spreading varieties in our country. To avoid the quality deterioration of sorghum seeds caused by the rising moisture content in the storage period, the effects of four different packaging methods on the moisture content, germination percentage, and germinative energy of the seeds are tested in this research. The investigation shows that the differences among the treatments are significant in the moisture content and the weight of a thousand seeds, but are not significant in the germination percentage, germinative energy, and the mean germination time.