胡麻品種之選育

Abstract

胡麻為國內主要油料作物之一，每年需求量達40,000 公噸以上，但國產胡麻僅占約 5%，故政府於103 年度將胡麻列入進口替代作物，以鼓勵農民栽植胡麻，並提高胡麻自給率，然目前胡麻栽培面臨主要問題為勞力過於密集，無法機械化，且國內胡麻栽培品系選擇單一，為提升農民栽植胡麻意願，研究主要針對國外各種原庫引進之胡麻品系及國內現有之品系進行田間性狀調查，初步篩選3 個較高產品系、1 個多分支品系、1 個有限型品系以及1 個成熟蒴果完全不開裂品系作為後續育種材料。 Sesame is one of the important oil crops in Taiwan, and the demand for sesame seeds is more than 40,000 tons, but the self-sufficiency ratio of sesame in Taiwan is less than 5%. In light of food safety, the government drew up regulations in 2014 in order to encourage farmers to cultivate sesame and increase the self-sufficiency ratio of sesame. However, sesame production is highly labor intensive and not mechanically harvested, and the sesame varieties for cultivation is poor and old. In order to improve farmers’ willingness for sesame cultivation, we introduced the sesame varieties from other countries and selected the varieties with higher yield, or could be mechanically cultivated. We had introduced 40 sesame varieties from NARO in Japan, 36 varieties from GRIN in U.S.A. and 15 varieties from NPGRC in Taiwan, than investigated their characteristics in 2015. We selected 6 varieties to be breeding parents, which were including one indehiscent varieties, one variety with more branch, three variety with higher yield and one determinate variety.