玉米品種選育

Abstract

一、超甜玉米： 1. 自交系培育：白色甜玉米103-1 至103-8 等8 個甜玉米材料，完成S3 世代之自交分離培育，合計選留256 個。104A、104D 及104L 等3 個甜玉米材料，完成S2 世代之自交分離培育，合計選留74 個。黃色胚乳甜玉米104-B 至104-M 等9 個甜玉米材料，完成S3 及S3 世代之自交分離培育，合計選留150 個 。超甜玉米溫帶型種源13 個 (HN575、彩玉、HN275、HN380、生生519、HN379、好滋味2 號、上品3 號、台農H-16、金麗1 號、F4、上品1號、雪珍) 品種S5 世代之兄妹交授粉繁殖合計繁殖281 個S5。 2. 雜交種種子生產：完成甜玉米雜交種子生產共得32 個組合。 3. 超甜玉米新品系區域試驗：雲林崙背試區 (103 年3 月2 日播種)，含苞葉果穗鮮重表現介於13,479–14,685 kg/ha 與去苞葉果穗鮮重之表現介於9,540–10,560 kg/ha，參試品系無明顯差異。 2.台中霧峰試區：含苞葉果穗鮮重表現介於12,963–14,164 kg/ha 與去苞葉果穗鮮重之表現介於9,489–10,185 kg/ha，參試品系無明顯差異。 二、白糯玉米： 春作白糯新品系區域試驗之結果如下： 崙背試區：WX103-F(17,247 kg/ha)之含苞葉果穗鮮重呈現較對照種 (玉美珍，14,187 kg/ha)高產。去苞葉果穗鮮重WX103-F (13,203 kg/ha) 表現較對照種 (玉美珍，10,943kg/ha) 高產。其餘新品系其含苞葉果穗鮮重與去苞葉果穗鮮重表現與對照種 (玉美珍) 相近。 霧峰試區：新品系之含苞葉果穗鮮重及去苞葉果穗鮮重與對照種 (玉美珍) 無明顯差異。 三、硬質玉米 1. 自交系培育：明豐3 號高產且抗銹病之品種進行自交授粉，成熟後根據果型等性狀選留136個S4 世代自交系。 2. 組合力檢定：1M10 及1M15 與廣西1F 分離至S5 世代自交系之雜交組合與對照種 (台農1號、台南24 號、明豐3 號及明豐103) 進行籽粒產量組合力檢定試驗，結果顯示獲選留新雜交組合開花期介於63–69 天，吐絲期介於65–73 天，株高介於180–215 cm，穗位高介於75–105cm，乾果重介於4.52–5.14 kg/4m2，籽粒重介於3.90–4.18kg/4m2，脫粒率介於80.6–87.0%，穗長16–21cm，穗徑介於46–57 mm (表6) 2. 硬質玉米新品系比較試驗 (1) 經過2 次組合力評估後選留之優良測交種141 個與對照種 (台農1 號、台南24 號、明豐3號及明豐103) 進行籽粒產量新品系比較試驗，結果顯示22 個獲選留雜交組合，其籽粒重介於4.42- 4.75 kg/4m2。 (2) 飼料玉米二個早熟新品系與對照種 (台農1 號、台南24 號、明豐3 號及明豐103) 進行籽粒產量新品系比較試驗，結果顯示2 個早熟新雜交組合 (1M10 ×Hi31、1M10 ×Hi31) 其籽粒重介於10,420- 10,625 kg/ha，二個早熟新品系明顯的較對照種台農1 號高產，但與台南24 號、明豐3 號及明豐103 等其籽粒產量品種間則無明顯差異。 四、青割玉米新品系比較試驗： 青割玉米新品系比較試驗，24 個新品系與4 個對照種進行參試，選留青割植株掀重表現較高的新品系有7 個，分別688-84 × 1M10、688-107 × 1M10、688-119 × 1M10、688-120 × 1M10、688-160 × 1M10、688-174 × 1M10、泰11-8 × 1M10，其鮮重介於58.2–62.7 ton/ha，明顯較對照種 (MF3、MF103、TN24、TNG1) 的33.5–46.7 ton/ha 高產(表9) The purpose of this study is to development high yield single cross for rice-upland crop rotation system and decrease production cost. Working term: (1) Corn germplasm will be collecting, testing and application; (2) Inbred lines were developed and improved; (3) Combining ability test; (4) Advanced yield trail; (5) Regional yield trail. Their result as follow: Supersweet corn: Select for plant and ear type was conducted to evaluate lines from 20 varietys of supersweet corn, and the selected lines were 480 inbred lines in differential generation. And 32 F1 combinations were products, and testcrosses were conducted to evaluated the yield in the combining ability trial at the spring crop season. The SH104-A, SH104-B, and SH104-C new hybrids had not higher than the chick variety (Bright - jean) in the regional trial. White-glutinous corn: The WX103-F new hybrids had higher ear yield than the chick variety (White- pearl) in the regional trial at Luenpei. But the WX103-F new hybrids had not higher than the chick variety (White- pearl) at Wufeng. Feed corn: Select for plant and ear type was conducted to evaluate lines from MF3 varieties, and the selected lines were 136 (S4) inbred lines. In the grain corn, 85 new testcrosses were to evaluated the grain weight in the combining ability trial, and 34 hybrid crosses were selected for higher grain weight then the ck variety (MeiFu. 3). 22 F1 hybrids were select in advanced yield trail. In the forage corn, 24 hybrid crosses were to evaluated the total fresh weight in advanced yield trial, and 7 hybrid crosses were selected for higher fresh weight then the ck variety.