毛豆品種改良

Abstract

本計畫目的育成大莢豐產、莢色綠、食味品質佳、適合機械採收之毛豆品種，供加工冷凍及生鮮冷藏外銷用，以提昇台灣毛豆產品在國際市場的競爭力。毛豆「高雄12 號」於104 年3 月23 日取得國內大豆品種權20 年登錄，並且將「高雄11 號」品種非專屬授權予產業界利用。104 年度（1）計雜交7 個組合成功，共獲得F1 種子677 粒，並於104 年秋裡作培育其F1世代。（2）103 年秋裡作培育F1～F6 世代計有42 個組合，並在F5～F6 世代14 個組合中選出1,364 單株。104 年春作在F5～F6 世代15 個組合中選出2,114 單株。（3）株行試驗採分季選拔，春、秋兩作各選出105 及100 個品系。（4）第一年品系試驗，春、秋兩作綜合評估選出一般豆香40 個品系及芋香17 個品系。第二年品系試驗，春、秋兩作綜合評估選出一般豆香12 個品系及芋香7 個品系。第三年品系試驗，春、秋兩作綜合評估選出一般豆香及芋香各5 個品系。（5）新品系區域試驗，高屏兩個地區試驗結果，豆香品系以KVS1474 品系表現最佳，其103年秋作之公頃合格莢產量14,249 公斤，與對照品種高雄9 號相近；104 年春作公頃合格莢產量12,465 公斤，較高雄9 號增產13.9%。芋香品系以KVA198 品系表現最佳，103 年秋作之公頃合格莢產量為11,719 公斤，與對照品種高雄11 號相近；104 年春作公頃合格莢產量11,216 公斤，較高雄11 號增產32.6%。 The purposes of vegetable soybean cross breeding are to develop new varieties with large pod, high yield, good quality, resistance to stress and mechanical harvesting that were suitable for export as frozen or fresh pod process in Taiwan. “Kaohsiung 12” variety had granted Taiwanese variety rights on Mar. 23, 2015, and had “Kaohsiung 11” variety was granted license to processors. The experimental results were summarized as follow during the fall crop of 2014 to the spring crop of 2015: 1) A total of 677 F1 hybrid seeds were obtained from 7 cross combinations, and were propagated F1 generation. 2) In the propagation and selection trials, SPD method was applied to propagating F2-F6 segregative generations, also 1,364 and 2,114 superior single plants of F5-F6 generations were selected in the fall crop of 2014 and the spring crop of 2015, respectively. 3) In the plant-to-row trial, 105 and 100 fixed lines were selected to depend on their performance in the fall crop of 2014 and the spring crop of 2015, respectively. 4) In the first year lines trial, 40 non-aroma and 17 aroma lines were selected to depend on their performance among 246 tested lines. In the second year lines trial, 12 non-aroma and 7 aroma lines were selected to depend on their performance among 60 tested lines. In the third year lines trial, 5 non-aroma and 5 aroma lines were selected to depend on their performance among 27 tested lines. 5) In the regional trials at Kaohsiung and Pingtung areas, KVS1474 line of non-aroma group was the same graded pod yields and had higher graded pod yields by 13.9% than check variety, “Kaohsiung 9” in the fall crop of 2014 and the spring crop of 2015, respectively. KVA198 line of aroma group was the same graded pod yields and had higher graded pod yields by 32.6% than check variety, “Kaohsiung 11” in the fall crop of 2014 and the spring crop of 2015, respectively.