甘藷蟲害管理及性費洛蒙利用

黃振聲; 洪巧珍; Jenn-Sheng Hwang; Chau-Chin Hung

甘藷蟲害管理及性費洛蒙利用

Other Title

Sweet Potato Insect Pest Management and the Application of Sex Pheromone

Journal

根莖作物生產改進及加工利用研討會專刊

Part Of

農業試驗所特刊第45號

Pages

229-245

ISBN

957-00-4106-4

Date Issued

1994-06

Author(s)

黃振聲

洪巧珍

Jenn-Sheng Hwang

Chau-Chin Hung

URI

https://scholars.tari.gov.tw/handle/123456789/17163

Abstract

台灣甘藷害蟲有記錄者約60種之多，較常見者約11准，惟因甘藷經濟價值較低且再生能力較強，故多數食葉性害蟲對甘藷危害並不嚴重，無須單獨防治，必要時可噴施有機磷藥劑防除“甘藷關鍵害蟲主要有蟻象、螟蛾及猿葉蟲三種，該等害蟲蛀食危害甘藷塊根及莖蔓的習性類似，故可採行藷苗浸藥滅蟲，及甘藷掃植前作畦時，將有機磷粒劑或粉劑混合於畦土中，再插植藷苗；發生嚴重時，在中耕培土時，再施藥一次，可一併防除該三種害蟲的危害。蟻象性費洛蒙已被鑑定合成，其誘蟲配方、誘蟲器設計及田問應用技術已開發成功。利用性費洛蒙誘殺配合殺蟲劑對蟻象進行綜合防治效益評估，結果顯示每分地設置四個性費洛蒙誘蟲器，可有效減少甘藷被害率達55~65%；設誘蟲器並於作畦時施用陶斯松粒劑2.25kg AI/ha一次，可減少甘藷被害率67~75%；前述處理效果與作畦及中耕培土時共施藥二次的防治效果80~85%，並無顯著差異。蟻象性費洛蒙誘蟲器亦可用來偵測蟻象於甘藷田的發生狀況；依相關性分析顯示，調查甘藷被蟻象侵害程度時，可僅以藷塊被害率為評估標準。試驗顯示，陶斯松之藥效較其他農民慣用藥劑為佳，持效性較長，且應著重植前施藥。另外耕作措施包括：輪作、植前浸水、藷苗浸藥處理或採用無病蟲藷苗、清除田間殘藷及中間寄主、加強覆土（培土）與灌溉及提早採收等，均有助抑制蟻象之發生為害。估計利用蟻象性費洛蒙誘蟲器於甘藷蟲害綜合管理體系中，可減少施用殺蟲劑1-3次，則每公頃甘藷的防治成本可節省3,100~12,100元，故前述性費洛蒙誘殺綜合防治技術，值得政府擴大推廣應用。 About 60 insect species infesting sweet potato have been reported in Taiwan. Among them, 10 species, i.e., Cylas farmicarius. Omphica aaastomosalis, Colasposonia dauricuni Ahicila niveodaclyla Ochyrolica concursa Brachmia macroscopa, Bedelhii ferenodes Herse convolvuli, Laccoptera quadrimaculata, and Cassida circumdata are easily seen in the field. Organophosphate insecticides are applied to control the foliage pests in case of serious infestation. Sweet potato weevil (SPW, C fonicarius), sweet potato vine borer (O. anastomosalis and leaf beetle (C dauricum) are the three major pests of sweet potato. Their injuring behavior, e.g., larvae feeding and/or tunneling into stems and root tubers, are similar. Therefore, the control measures such as dipping the cuttings in insecticide solution (0.05% a.i. carbofuran) before planting, preplanting application of insecticides into the soil, and post-planting application of insecticides within the crown of the plants, can be employed to control these three pests and other soil insects. Efficacy test on SPW indicated that Chlorpyrifos was more effective and persistent than the other insecticides. Application of insecticides before planting was more effective than application at the time of earthing-up. Recently the sex pheromone of SPW has been isolated, identified, and synthesized, which exhibits great potential in the integreated management for controlling SPW. The formulation of pheromone lure, trap design, and techniques of practical application in the field have been successfully developed. Experiments have also been conducted to evaluate the integrated effects of sex pheromone and insecticides in the control of SPW. The results indicated that the use of pheromone-baited traps placed at a density of 4 traps/0.1 ha reduced 55-65% of storage root damage caused by SPW. The use combination with pre-planting of such traps in application of chlorpyrifos (2.25 kg a.i/ha) reduced storage root damage by 67-75%. The effect was (2.25 kg a.i/ha) reduced storage root damage by 67-75%. The effect was comparable to that from 2 applications of Chiorpyrifos (80-85%) implemented at the times of pre-plant and earthing-up. The pheromone trap may also he used to locate, survey, and monitor the occurrence of SPW. The foregoing methods in combination with other cultural practices, such as crop rotation, field flooding, control of other alternate hosts, earthing-up the vines, and earlier harvest (4-5 months after planting) are suggested as effective measures in controlling SPW and other pests. One to 3 applications of insecticides can be omitted, or NTS3,100 to 12,100 per ha can be saved when pheromone-baited traps are included in the initegrated pest management. Therefore, the sex pheromone of SPW appers a valuable component in the integrated pest management of sweet potato.

Event(s)

根莖作物生產改進及加工利用研討會

Proceeding of A Symposium on Root Crop Yield Improvement, Processing and Utilization in Taiwan

Subjects

甘藷蟻象

甘藷螟蛾

甘藷猿葉蟲

蟲害管理

綜合防治

性費洛蒙

sweet potato weevil

cylas formicarius

Omphica anasiomosalis

Colasposonia dauricum

pheromnoe

Publisher

臺灣省農業試驗所嘉義農業試驗分所

Type

conference paper

File(s)

Name

45-13.pdf

Size

1.79 MB

Format

Adobe PDF

Checksum

(MD5):1f012c716e71ce22afa815f26a8ac2c8