薏苡育種之研究

Abstract

臺灣薏苡生產存在落粒性問題，造成產量不穩定。未來除株高、粒重、產量等性狀外，再以生育期、落粒性作為選拔指標，以育成早熟、矮性且低落粒性的薏苡品種。可適合機械採收，且生育期縮短，使抽穗期集中，減少種子成熟度不一致的問題，提高並穩定國產薏苡單位面積產量，增加農民收益及栽培意願。本年度自102 年選拔之矮性品系，調查株高、最低穗位高、分蘗數、粒重、生育期等表現情形，同時將102 年以矮性品系進行全互交所得F1 種子栽培田間，觀察各雜交組合株高、分蘗數、粒重及籽實大小分布情形。試驗結果顯示8 個薏苡矮性品系株高分佈均較臺中3 號低矮，另有4 個品系在分蘗數及百粒重的表現上較臺中3 號高。薏苡矮性品系雜交組合中有60%的雜交組合株高在100–120 公分間，50%的雜交組合的百粒重分佈在8-9 公克間，從中選出矮性有高產潛力者，持續進行選拔。 The yield of Job’s tears is not stable in Taiwan because of seed shattering. Job’s tears inbred lines will be selected on basis of plant height, seed weight, yields, growth duration, seed shattering, etc. To the development of Job’s tears cultivar with short culm, early maturity and low seed shattering will be helpful to mechanical harvesting and reduce the problem of inconsistency seed maturity. It will improve and stabilize Job’s tears yield and increase farmers' income. In 2014, the Job’s tears inbred lines with short culm and all diallel corss combinations of these inbred lines were planted and invastigated. The distributions of plant height, tiller numbers, seed size, seed weight were studied, too. The result shows 8 Job’s tears inbred line with short culm are all shorter than Taichung No.3 in plant height, and four of them have more seed weight and tiller numbers than Taichung No.3. The plant height in 60% of all diallel cross combinations were between 100–120 cm, and 50% of these cross combinations were between 100-grain weight of 8–9 g. The Job’s tears lines have short culm and potential of high yield will be selected.