硬質玉米品種在臺東地區春作栽培之研究

Abstract

為配合辦理「調整耕作制度活化農地計畫」，提高國內糧食自給率，臺東區農業改良場(以下簡稱本場)於2013 年春作辦理硬質玉米新品種栽培試作，以選出適合臺東地區栽培之品種，提供農民活化休耕地轉 (契) 作選種之參考。2013 年春作硬質玉米各品種經分別於長濱、成功、東河、海端、鹿野及臺東市等六處栽培試驗區之平均每公頃產量表現，臺農1 號4,749 公斤、臺南24 號6,587 公斤、明豐3 號6,815 公斤、農興688 7,006 公斤。臺東地區秋作常遭受颱風侵襲而造成嚴重災損，因此，以推動春作為主要栽培時期。春作栽培適期以2 月產量表現最佳，3 月、4 月播種者，依播種時序而產量遞減，且病蟲害發生較嚴重；另外，於春作不同栽培密度試驗結果，所有參試品種皆以密度75 公分 × 20 公分產量最高，顯示適當的密植可提高硬質玉米籽實產量。本試驗結果可供臺東地區活化休耕田種植硬質玉米之參考。 For operating to transact the plan of “Adjusting the Cropping System and Activating Farmland”which could increase the income of farmers and extend the grain’s degree of self-sufficiency, there was a cultivating test of the field corn in spring of 2013. It is for selecting the suitable breed to plant and cultivate in Taitung and to provide the farmers the reference for activating the fallow farmland. The output performance of field corn of all varieties in spring on average per hectare in the six areas of Changbin, Chenggong, Donghe, Haiduan, Luye and Taitung City were as following: Tainung No.1 4,749 kg, Tainan No.24 6,587 kg, Ming Fung No.3 6,815 kg, Nung Sing 688 7,006 kg. It often suffered from typhoons in autumn cultivation at the area of Taitung and caused serious disaster, therefore, the activation of agricultural land is to promote the spring cultivation as the main period. The best production of spring cultivation period is in February. The production of sowing in March, and April would be declined by the timing of sowing, and it caused the pests and diseases more seriously. In addition, the result of spring cultivation test in this study showed out that the maximum production of all tested varieties is the density at 75 cm × 20 cm. It revealed that the appropriate density of cultivation could increase the seed production of field corn. The results of this test are available to be the reference for cultivating field corn for activating the fallow fields in Taitung.