薏苡育種之研究

Abstract

臺灣地區薏苡一期作產量每公頃雖最高可達3-4 噸，但目前栽培薏苡品種株高較高，造成田間管理及收穫操作的困難，且產量仍受限其開花期較長，在收穫前常有成熟種子脫落，造成產量損失，故未來育種目標為育成矮株適合機械收穫且低落粒性的薏苡品種。本年度自101年育成之薏苡矮株品系中選出8 個表現較優良者，隔離種植於田間，觀察其表現情形，並進行各矮株品系之人工雜交，以培育矮株、大粒品種。102 年試驗結果顯示，8 個參試品系之株高均較對照品種台中3 號低矮，春作台中3 號株高176 公分，其餘品系株高分布介於140 至160公分；秋作台中3 號株高114 公分，其餘品系株高分布則介於66 至95 公分。在籽實粒重的表現上，對照品種台中3 號春作百粒重為9.5 克，而8 個品系的表現最高為10.4 克，最低為6.9克；台中3 號秋作百粒重為10 克，而8 個品系的表現最高為12.6 克，最低為8.3 克。產量在春作以TCS9903、TCS9904、TCS9913 等品系較台中3 號高；秋作則以TCS9904、TCS9905、TCS9913 等品系表現較高。 Although the yield per hectare of Coix (job's tears) in Taiwan is up to 3-4 tons, but production is still limited by longer flowering period. Ripe seeds shattered before harvest often causes yield loss. Therefore, the purpose of this project is breeding of dwarf Coix varieties which is suitable for mechanical harvesting. This year eight Coix lines were planted in the field to investigate the performance of agricultural traits. Meanwhile all 8 × 8 diallel cross combinations of eight dwarf Coix inbred lines conducted. The results showed that the plant height of all eight Coix lines are shorter than check variety, Taichung No.3. The plant height of eight Coix lines were from 140 to 160 cm and from 66 to 95 cm in spring crop and fall crop, respectively. In contrast, the plant height of Taichung No. 3 was 176 and 114 cm in spring crop and fall crop, respectively. The 100-seeds weight of eight Coix lines were from 6.9 to 10.4 g and from 8.3 to 12.6 g in spring crop and fall crop, respectively. In contrast, the 100-seeds weight of Taichung No. 3 was 9.5 and 10 g in spring crop and fall crop respectively. TCS9903, TCS9904, and TCS9913 have more yield than check variety in spring crop, and TCS9904, TCS990, and TCS9913 have more yield in fall crop.