毛豆品種改良

Abstract

本計畫目的育成大莢豐產、莢色綠、食味佳、適合機械採收之品種，供加工冷凍及生鮮冷藏外銷用，以提昇台灣毛豆產品在國際市場的競爭力。毛豆高雄6 號及高雄7 號兩品種已於98 年3 月19 日取得日本大豆品種權登錄25 年。高雄10 號品種已於9 月18 日取得國內大豆品種權登錄20 年，並於11 月18 日向日本農林水產省申請大豆品種權登錄，目前公開審議中。大豆（毛豆）品種境外專屬授權給日本雪印種苗株式會社計有4 件，境內非專屬授權給加工業應用計有2 件。本年度（1）計雜交7 個組合成功，共獲得F1 種子240粒，並於98 年秋裡作培育其F1 世代。（2）97 年秋裡作培育F2～F6 世代計有45 個組合，並在F5～F6世代17 個組合中選出1,777 單株。98 年春作在F5～F6 世代17 個組合中選出1,642 單株。（3）株行試驗採分季選拔，97 年秋裡作及98 年春作各選出120 及100 個品系。（4）第一年品系試驗，春秋兩作綜合評估選出毛豆40 個品系。第二年品系試驗，春秋兩作綜合評估選出毛豆20 個品系。第三年品系試驗，97 年秋裡作之公頃合格莢產量以KVS2736 品系之13,629公斤及KVS2730 品系之13,509 公斤較高，較對照種高雄9 號之11,033 公斤分別增產23.5%及22.4%。百莢重以KVS2736 品系之363 公克及KVS2676 品系之353 公克較高，與對照種高雄9 號相近。98 年春作之公頃合格莢產量以KVS2736 品系之12,799 公斤及KVS2730 品系之12,598 公斤較高，較對照種高雄9 號分別增產25.3%及23.4%。百莢重以KVS2676 品系之339 公克及KVS2636 品系之332 公克較高，與對照種高雄9 號相近。綜合評估選出2~3個優良品系參加新品系區域試驗。 The purpose of vegetable soybean cross breeding is to develop new varieties with large pod, high yield, good quality and high pod site that were suitable for export as frozen or fresh pod process and could adapt the stress in Taiwan. “Kaohsiung 6 and Kaohsiung 7” varieties had granted Japanese variety right 25 years on Mar. 19, 2009, and “Kaohsiung 10” variety was discussed right register of R.O.C. on Sep. 19, 2009, and granted license to processors. The experimental results were summarized as follow during the fall crop of 2008 to the spring crop of 2009: 1) A total of 240 F1 hybrid seeds were obtained from 7 cross combinations in the spring crop of 2009, and were propagated F1 generation in the fall crop of 2009. 2) In the propagation and selection trials, SPD method was applied to propagating F2-F6 segregative generations, also 1,777 and 1,642 superior single plants of F5-F6 generations were selected in the fall crop of 2008 and the spring crop of 2009, respectively. 3) In the plant-to-row trial, 120 and 120 fixed lines were selected depend on their performance in the fall crop of 2008 and the spring crop of 2009, respectively. 4) In the first year lines trial, 40 fixed lines were selected depend on their performance among 240 tested lines. In the second year lines trial, 20 fixed lines were selected depend on their performance among 40 tested lines. In the third year lines trial, KVS2736 and KVS2730 lines had higher graded pod yields among 20 tested lines, which were 23.5% and 22.4% higher than check variety, Kaohsiung 9 in the fall crop of 2008. KVS2736 and KVS2676 lines had larger 100-pod weights among 20 tested lines, which were the same as check variety, Kaohsiung 9 in the fall crop of 2008. KVS2736 and KVS2730 lines had higher graded pod yields among 20 tested lines, which were 25.3% and 23.4% higher than check variety, Kaohsiung 9 in the spring crop of 2009. KVS2676 and KVS2636 lines had larger 100-pod weights among 20 tested lines, which were the same as check variety, Kaohsiung 9 in the spring crop of 2009. Therefore, 2~3 superior lines will be selected for regional trials.