耕作模式調整對雲嘉南地區農業生態影響及其經營管理之研究

Abstract

本試驗旨在探討不同耕作制度對土壤肥力、作物田間雜草及病蟲害發生，以及作物產量與收益之影響。各耕作制度分為：A.水稻─水稻(對照)、B.水稻─田菁-飼料玉米、C.水稻─田菁─青割玉米、D.水稻—景觀綠肥向日葵—油菜、E.綠肥大豆─青割玉米、F.太陽麻─飼料玉米等六種處理。試驗結果，春作以處理D 之綠肥大豆田間雜草公頃鮮重7,300 公斤最高。夏作水稻發生紋枯病，二化螟蟲，危害率1.5%，綠肥作物之太陽麻、田菁、綠肥大豆及向日葵田區之雜草均發生甜菜夜蛾及斜紋夜盜蟲危害，其危害率達10.2%。作物產量水稻春作最高達7,800 公斤/公頃，夏作5,707 公斤/公頃。春作綠肥大豆鮮重35,433 公斤/公頃最高。全年淨收益以耕作模式處理E：綠肥大豆-青割玉米之189,172 元/公頃最高。 The results showed the fresh weight of weed in the green manure soybean field was the highest 7,300 kg/ha, and only sheath blight was found in rice plant in the summer crop season. Stem borer were found in rice plant in the spring and summer crop season. It also found the weed in the fallow and green manure crop field were attacked by army worm, the percentage was highly at 10.2%, the highest grain yield of rice was 7,800 kg/ha in the spring crop season. The treatment E got the highest profit NT$ 189,172/ha in the study.