因應氣候變遷建立玉米採種體系

Abstract

為因應氣候環境改變，建立雜交玉米台南24 號採種採種適期。於屏東、台中地區進行不同月份採種種植試驗，經調查屏東地區其父本開花期較母本吐絲晚1.8 天至5.9 天，台中地區為2.02~9.64 天。果穗稔實率則介於78%至95%，台中地區結實率則介於44.35%至88.76%。該品種之採種適期仍需進一步評估。 透過種子處理技術 (如：滲調、膜衣、披衣及造粒) 調控玉米種子發芽情形，藉此改善玉米種子發芽率、活力、生長、病蟲害防治等情況，以期提升玉米種子競爭力，進而增進玉米產能。其中，建立玉米台南24 號親本種子處理技術：父本種子經純水浸種 (15℃/24hr) 及固體滲調 (蛭石/20℃/9hr) 處理，其平均發芽天數及T50 均較對照組短，並且均不造成種子發芽率降低，可有效促進父本種子提早發芽12 小時。母本種子經披衣處理 (牡蠣殼粉)，其平均發芽天數及T50 均較對照組長，可延遲發芽2.1 天，但發芽率較對照組略低。 The purpose this study is establish appropriate planting date for seed production of hybrid corn Tainan no.24 in accordance to climate change. We conducted different planting dates for Tainan no.24 parents in Pingtung and Taichung area. The results found that male parent anthering date later 1.8 to 5.9 days in Pingtung,2.02 to 9.64 days in Taichung than female parent silking date. The 78 to 95 percents seed set in Pingtung,Taichung area were 44.35 to 88.76 percents of year in different planting dates were investigated. The further evaluation for appropriate planting date for seed production of hybrid corn Tainan no.24 will conduct in next year. Enhancement of germination, vigor, growth , pathogen-resistance of maize Tainan No.24 parent line seeds by seed treatments(ex : priming, film coating, coating and pellting ) to enhance yield and competition of maize seeds. The seed techniques of the maize Tainan No.24 parent seeds were established. The mean germination days (MGD) and the time to 50% germination (T50) of control paternal seeds was significantly longer than those of the seeds that were soaked for 24 h at 15oC and the seeds that were primed in vermiculite for 9 h at 20oC, respectively. The soaking and priming treatments could’ t decrease the seeds of germination . The paternal seeds could be treated by priming to shorten MGD 12 h effectively. The maternal seeds were coated with the oyster shell powder. The MGD and the T50 of control maternal seeds was significantly shorter than that of the coated seeds. The maternal seeds by coating treatment can lengthen MGD 2.1 days.