耕作模式調整對雲嘉南地區農業生態影響及其經營管理之研究

Abstract

本試驗旨在探討不同耕作制度對土壤肥力、作物田間雜草及病蟲害發生，以及作物產量與收益之影響。各耕作制度分為：A.水稻－水稻(對照)、B.水稻－田菁－飼料玉米、C.水稻－田菁－青割玉米、D.水稻－景觀綠肥向日葵－油菜、E.綠肥大豆－青割玉米、F.太陽麻－飼料玉米等六種處理。試驗結果，春作以處理D 之綠肥大豆田間雜草公頃鮮株重150,034 公斤最高。夏作水稻發生紋枯病，罹病率達2 級,發生捲葉蟲及二化螟蟲危害，危害率1.5%。夏作田菁發生斜紋夜盜蟲，危害率1.2%(夏作田菁於生育期間經常下雨故斜紋夜盜蟲危害輕微)。作物產值以春作水稻174,870 元/公頃最高。耕作模式全年淨收益以處理B:水稻－田菁－飼料玉米之公頃淨收益150,097 元/公頃最多，較處理A:水稻-水稻（CK）108,790 元/公頃增加38%。耕作模式全年淨收益加節省灌溉水效益以處理F：太陽麻－飼料玉米之229,576 元/公頃最多，較處理A:水稻-水稻（CK）之108,790 元/公頃增加111%。 The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of rice and upland crop rotation systems on the soil property, fertility, the density of weeds, disease, insect pest, and crop yield. Six crop rotation systems contain: (A)Rice-Rice(CK), (B)Rice-Sesbanias-Field corn, (C)Rice-Sesbanias-Forage corn, (D)Rice-Sunflower-Rape, (E)Green manure soybean-Forage corn, (F)Crotalaria-Field corn. The results are summarized as follow: The highest fresh weight of weeds was 150,034 kg/ha of treatment D in the spring crop season. Disease incidence of sheath blight was second level, and minor damage by leaf roller and stem borer on rice in the summer crop season, Because of the rain, the density of armyworm was low on sesbanis, The output value of rice in the spring crop season was the highest among all crops. The best annual net income was 150,097 by treatment B, which was 38% higher than treatment A, other, in the treatment F the effect of annual net income and amount of irrigation water was the highest, The treatment A was 111% lower than the treatment F.