毛豆品種改良

Abstract

本計畫目的育成大莢豐產、莢色綠、食味品質佳、適合機械採收之品種，供鮮莢冷凍加工及生鮮冷藏外銷用，以提昇台灣毛豆產品在國際市場的競爭力。毛豆「高雄6 號品種」日本權利登記，已於95 年10 月23 日獲得日本農林水產省公告審議中。「冬蜜－高雄8 號」於95 年1 月2 日獲得品種權利登記20 年，毛豆「高雄9 號（綠晶）」亦於6 月2 日申請品種權利登記，另外將「毛豆黑蜜－高雄7 號品種權利」及「毛豆原原種生產技術」有償授權移轉給產業界應用，計有二項二件。本年度（1）計雜交10 個組合成功，共獲得F1種子543 粒，並於95 年春作及秋裡作培育其F1 世代。（2）94 年秋裡作計培育F2~F6世代計有63 個組合，並在F5~F6 世代35 個組合中選出2,301 單株，95 年春作計培育F3~F6世代計有38 組合，並在F5~F6 世代20 個組合中選出1,655 單株。（3）株行試驗：採分季選拔，94 年秋裡作選出102個品系及95 年春作選出100 個品系。（4）第一年品系試驗，春秋兩作綜合評估選出毛豆60個品系。第二年品系試驗，綜合春秋兩作評估選出15 個優良品系。第三年品系試驗，94 年秋裡作公頃合格莢產量以A 組KVS1949 及B 組KVS2027 兩品系較高，較對照種高雄6 號顯著增產38.5%及36.0%。百莢重以B 組KVS2055 及VS2036 兩品系較佳，較對照種高雄6 號顯著增加52 及39 公克。95 年春作公頃合格莢產量以B 組KVS2055 及KVS2027 兩品系較高，較對照種高雄6 號顯著增產36.7%及32.0%。百莢重以A 組KVS1857 及KVS1897 兩品系較佳，較對照種高雄6 號顯著增加27 及17 公克。綜合春秋兩作試驗結果，評估選出3~5 個優良品系參加新品系區域試驗。 The purpose of vegetable soybean breeding is to develop new cultivars with large pod, high yield, good quality and high pod site that were suitable for export as frozen or fresh pod process and could adapt the stress in Taiwan. Kaohsiung 8 variety had been right register by Kaohsiung DARES on January, 2006. Kaohsiung 7 variety and breeder seeds of vegetable soybean had been right remove to processors. The results during the fall crop of 2005 to the spring crop of 2006 were summarized as follows : 1). 543 F1 hybrid seeds were obtained from 10 cross combinations and were propagated F1 generation in the spring crop of 2006. 2). In the propagation and selection trials, SSD method was applied to propagating F2 - F6 segregative generations. 2,301 and 1,655 superior single plants of F5 - F6 generations were selected in the fall crop of 2005 and the spring crop of 2006, respectively. 3). In the plant-to-row trial, 102 and 100 fixed lines were selected depend on their performance in the fall crop of 2005 and the spring crop of 2006, respectively. 4). In the first year lines trial, 60 fixed lines were selected to depend on their performance among 237 lines. In the second year lines trial, 15 fixed lines were selected to depend on their performance among 100 lines. In the third year lines trial, the lines, KVS1949 and KVS2027 had 38.5 % and 36.0 % higher grade pod than check, Kaohsiung No. 6 in the fall crop of 2005; The lines, KVS2055 and KVS2036 had 52 g and 39 g larger 100-pod weight than check, Kaohsiung No. 6 in the fall crop of 2005; The lines, KVS2055 and KVS2027 had 36.7 % and 32.0 % higher grade pod yield than check, Kaohsiung No. 6 in the spring crop of 2006; The lines, KVS1857 and KVS1897 lines had 27 g and 17 g larger 100-pod weight than check, Kaohsiung No. 6 in the spring crop of 2006. Therefore, 3 - 5 superior lines will be selected for the regional trails in the fall crop of 2008.