耕作模式調整對雲嘉南地區農業生態影響及其經營管理研究

Abstract

本試驗旨在探討不同耕作制度對土壤肥力、作物田間雜草及病蟲害發生，以及作物產量與收益之影響。耕作制度分為：A.水稻─水稻(對照)、B.水稻─太陽麻-油菜、C、水稻─綠肥田菁─油菜、D.綠肥大豆─休耕、E.太陽麻─向日葵─蕎麥、F.水稻─毛豆─蕎麥等六種處理，試驗結果，以綠肥大豆之田間雜草公頃鮮重7,830 公斤為最多，其病害只有春作水稻發生紋枯病外，其他作物則無病害發生，蟲害春作水稻發生二化螟蟲危害率為3.3%。綠肥作物之太陽麻、田菁、大豆、向日葵及休耕田之雜草都發生甜菜夜蛾及斜紋夜盜危害，其中以休耕田的危害率高達66.7%為最高，作物公頃產量春作水稻濕稻穀重10,878 公斤，綠肥以秋作向日葵公頃植株鮮重46,350 最高。 The results showed that the fresh weight of weed in the green manure-soybean field was highest 7,830 kg/ha. In spring crop season, rice had only stem borer (3.3%) and leaf blight disease, and the other crop did not have any disease. The weeds of the fallow and green manure crop fields (sun hemp, soybean, sunflower) were attacked by beet army worm and tobacco cutworm seriously, and the injury percentage was 66.7%, the seed yield of rice was 10,878 kg/ha in spring crop season. The fresh weight of sunflower was the highest (46,350 kg/ha) among green manure crop in the fall crop season.