成立植物病原與食用菌保存中心之必要性

Abstract

植物病原菌保存為植物病原鑑定、分類及演化分析，以及病害防治研究的重要資源；食用菌菌種的保存，可確保菌種多樣性、提供菌種鑑定比對及育種的重要種源。菌種保存乃透過菌種收集與保存，將自然界的微生物如真菌、細菌、病毒及菇類等，經分離純化後再培養，或是保留在原有寄主組織上，以保存技術將其維持在停止生長繁殖或半永久性的休眠狀態下，長時期保持其原有的各種特徵、遺傳性狀及生物活性等，為維持生物資源的重要措施，更是國家生物資源的重要寶藏，可擴展予農業、醫藥學及生物技術等相關領域的研發應用。歷年來台灣在植物病原及其診斷鑑定技術研究、食用菌菌種選育與栽培方面，均有豐厚的研發成果，相關生物資源大多分散保存於各大專院校與政府研究機構。成立「植物病原與食用菌保存中心」有1.專業典藏植物病原菌與食用菌種，確保科研材料永續傳承；2.提升植物防檢疫病原鑑定與病害診斷、監測之執行效能，確保國內農業生態環境永續；3.因應食用菌產業永續發展之需，確保優勢菌種供應無虞；及4.接軌國際微生物專利寄存之需，擴大菌種保存與利用效益等必要性；除了可統整歷年來各學術機構或試驗研究單位所收集保存的相關菌種資源，亦能展現國內在植物病害與食用菌的研發量能，有效利用並永續傳承此等具歷史性保存的生物資源。未來倘順利成立，本保存中心管理完善並符合國際規範，更可達到國際資源交換應用，互利共享的效益。 Preservation of plant pathogens is an important resource for pathogen identification, classification and evolution analysis, and for disease control researches; the same, preservation of edible mushroom strains is an important resource for keeping diversity, strain identification and breeding. Through the collection and preservation of bio-strains, the natural microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, viruses and mushrooms were isolated and propagated with the purified culture, or directly maintained on the original host tissues, and used preservation technology to terminate their growth and reproduction or to keep them under the semi-permanently dormant state. Long-term preservation can maintain the original various characteristics, genetic traits, and biological activities of those bio-resources for a long time. This is a critical measure to maintain biological resources for subsequent utilization, and is an important treasure of national biological resources. These resources can be extended to the developments and applications of agriculture, pharmaceutical, biotechnology and other related research fields. Over the years, Taiwan’s plant pathologist has got several achievements in the researches of plant pathogens, disease diagnosis and pathogen identification technology, as well as the development and cultivation of edible fungi. Most of the relevant biological resources are scattered and stored in separate research institutions. For future development, the establishment of a national center for collection and preservation of plant pathogens and edible fungi, will not only integrate the relevant resources collected and preserved by various academic institutions or experimental research institutes over the years, but also be able to demonstrate the domestic potential on researches of plant diseases and edible fungi. These historically preserved bio-resources can be effectively utilized, and can be sustainably inherited. In the future, the preservation center we built will be organized as a well-managed and internationally recognized one, and extended the benefits of international resource exchange and application, mutual benefit and sharing.