固殺草(Glufosinate)誘導水稻微芽分化及 其衍生植株耐性之研究

Abstract

固殺草為非選擇性除草劑，可控制多數闊葉雜草。本試驗以TNG67、FSK、Koshihikari、R11-2及R11-3等五個品系水稻為材料，於培養基中添加不同濃度固殺草，觀察能否誘導微芽大量生成，結果顯示，上述水稻幼芽經2.5×10^(-7) M固殺草培養基培養14天後，繼代至2.5×10^(-6) M固殺草培養基中30天後發現，R11-2及R11-3有較佳之微芽誘導效果，分別可產生216及120個微芽。試驗將兩階段誘導衍生之植株移植溫室，藉由噴施2.6×10^(-4) M固殺草，探討其對固殺草耐感性表現，結果顯示，衍生植株在葉綠素及銨累積反應上，具有耐感差異；為探討此耐感差異產生之原因，試驗進一步利用14C-glufosinate處理植株，經TLC分析及14C同位素放射活性測定，發現在葉綠素及銨累積反應上為耐性之植株，其固殺草代謝物占同位素放射總量顯著高於感性植株，因此，推測微芽衍生植株對固殺草耐感性差異為其代謝能力所致。 Glufosinate is a nonselective herbicide to control broadleaf weeds. In order to induce microshoot production of rice, different concentrations of glufosinate were applied in tissue culture of TNG67, FSK, Koshihikari, R11-2 and R11-3. The results showed that the best effect of microshoot induction was obtained from 14 days after treatment (DAT) of 2.5×10^(-7) M glufosinate at stage I and 30 DAT of 2.5×10^(-6) M glufosinate at stage II in both rice species R11-2 and R11-3. Based on the response of chlorophyll reduction and ammonium accumulation, microshoot-derived plants produced from this method expressed differential sensitivities to glufosinate in greenhouse experiment. Both TLC and 14C-glufosinate radioactivity assay showed that glufosinate metabolism was increased in tolerant rice.