毛豆品種改良

Abstract

本計畫目的在育成大莢豐產、莢色濃綠、食味品質佳、結莢位高、抗倒伏、適合機械採收及冷凍加工外銷用品種，以提昇台灣毛豆產品在國際市場的競爭力。毛豆新品種「冬蜜－高雄8號」於95年1 月取得權利登記20年，另外將「毛豆綠蜜－高雄6號品種權利」及「毛豆原原種之種子生產技術」有償授權移轉給台灣區冷凍蔬果工業同業公會及加工業應用，計有二項三件。本年度（1）94年度計雜交10個組合成功，共獲得F1種子398粒，並於94年春作及秋裡作培育其F1 世代。（2）93年秋裡作計培育F2~F6世代計有75組合，並在F5~F6世代51個組合中選出2,244單株，94年春作計培育F3~F6世代計有53組合，並在F5~F6世代40個組合中選出2,622單株。（3）株行試驗：採分季選拔，93 年秋裡作選出137 個品系及94 年春作選出100 個品系參加95 年度第一年品系試驗。（4）第一年品系試驗，93年秋裡作及94年春作綜合評估選出毛豆60個品系參加95年度第二年品系試驗。第二年品系試驗，93年秋裡作及94 年春作綜合評估選出毛豆26個品系參加95 年度第三年品系試驗。第三年品系試驗，93年秋裡作公頃合格莢產量以B組KVS1733品系之11,859公斤及KVS1680品系之10,330公斤較高，較對照種高雄6 號顯著增產39.2%及21.3%。五百公克合格莢數以A組KVS1647品系之136莢（百莢重368公克）及KVS1576品系之139莢（百莢重360公克）較佳，較對照種高雄6號分別降低23及20莢，即百莢重增加54及46公克。94年春作公頃合格莢產量以A組KVS1602品系之11,147公斤較高，較對照種高雄6號顯著增產15.3%。五百公克合格莢數以A組KVS1496品系之122莢（百莢重410公克）及KVS1514品系之129莢（百莢重388公克）較佳，較對照種高雄6號減少32及25莢，即百莢重增加85及63公克。綜合春秋兩作試驗結果，評估選出3~5個優良品系參加96年度區域試驗。 The purpose of vegetable soybean cross breeding is to develop new cultivars with large pod, high yield, good quality and high pod site that were suitable for export as frozen pod process in Taiwan. Kaohsiung No. 8, new variety had been 20-year register right by KDARES on January of 2006. Kaohsiung No. 6 and productive technique of its breeder seeds had been empowered processors. The results were summarized as follow during the fall crop of 2004 to the spring crop of 2005: 1) 398 F1 hybrid seeds were obtained from 10 cross combinations and were propagated F1 generation in the spring and fall crops of 2005. 2) In the propagation and selection trials, SSD method was applied to propagating F2-F6 segregative generations. 2,244 and 2,622 superior single plants of F5-F6 generations were selected in the fall crop of 2004 and the spring crop of 2005, respectively. 3) In the plant-to-row trial, 137 and 100 fixed lines were selected depend on their performance in the fall crop of 2004 and the spring crop of 2005, respectively. 4) In the first-year lines trial, 60 fixed lines were selected depend on their performance among 280 tested lines. In the second-year lines trial, 26 fixed lines were selected depend on their performance among 40 tested lines. In the third-year lines trial, two lines, KVS1733 and KVS1680 were 39.2% and 21.3% higher graded pod yields than the check, Kaohsiung No. 6 in the fall crop of 2004. two lines, KVS1647 and KVS1576 had 54 g and 46 g larger 100-pod weight than the check, Kaohsiung No. 6 in the fall crop of 2004. KVS1602 line had 15.3% higher graded pod yield than check, Kaohsiung No. 6 in the spring crop of 2005, respectively. Two lines, KVS1496 and KVS1514 had 85 g and 63 g larger 100-pod weight than check, Kaohsiung No. 6 in the spring crop of 2005, respectively. Therefore, above superior lines will be selected for the regional trails in the fall crop 2006.