毛豆大農場機械化生產之研究

Abstract

本計畫目的建立毛豆大農場機械化生產技術，降低生產成本，維持台灣毛豆生產技術及品質的優勢，以提昇毛豆產品在國際市場的競爭力。本年度試驗結果顯示高屏兩地區毛豆每公頃合格莢產量全機械化模式與對照半機械化模式相近，品種（系）間94 年春作以高雄8號品種之全機械化模式為9,180 公斤，較對照半機械化模式顯著增產13.6%最高。94 年秋裡作以KVS1159 品系之全機械化模式為9,661 公斤，較對照半機械化模式顯著增產13.7%。五百公克合格莢數94 年春作全機械化模式與對照半機械化模式相近，94 年秋裡作全機械化模式146 莢（百莢重342 公克），較對照半機械化模式降低6 莢，即百莢重增加13 公克。各品種（系）間94 年春作以高雄8 號品種之全機械化模式為174 莢（百莢重287 公克），較對照半機械化模式降低6 莢最優，即百莢重增加10 公克；94 年秋裡作以KVS1198 及KVS1159兩品系之全機械化模式分別為131 莢（百莢重382 公克）及147 莢（百莢重340 公克），較對照半機械化模式降低7 莢，即百莢重分別增加20 及15 公克。毛豆大農場至94 年已在高屏地區建立2,295 公頃，春秋兩作可生產4,590 公頃，每公頃生產成本全機械化模式為70,000元，較半機械化模式之85,000 元可顯著降低生產成本達17.6%，即豆農每公頃可增加15,000元收益。由於本計畫推動毛豆大農場機械化經營，訂定外銷毛豆良好生產準則（TGAP），並輔導高屏地區大農場發展優質安全的外銷毛豆產品，使台灣毛豆產品並未受日本加強農藥殘留檢測的影響，反而在日本市場進口量佔有率從2001 年的29.4%提升至2005 年的34.1%，進口產值佔有率從2001 年的33.1%提升至2005 年的39.4%，平均每公斤價格為200 日元較中國高33.3%。 The purposes of vegetable soybean experiment are to establish mechanized technique on large farm for reduced production cost and promoted competitiveness for Taiwan products on international market. The experimental results were summarized as follow during the spring and fall crops of 2005: The full-mechanization technique had graded pod yields the same as the part-mechanization technique, on large farm of Kao-Ping area in the spring and fall crops of 2005. The full-mechanization technique of Kaohsiung No. 8 variety and KVS1159 line had higher graded pod yields than the part-mechanization technique by 13.6% and 13.7% in the spring and fall crops of 2005, respectively. The 100-pods weight of full-mechanization technique was the same as the part-mechanization technique in the spring crop of 2005, but was increased 13g than the part-mechanization technique in the fall crop of 2005. The full-mechanization technique of Kaohsiung No. 8 variety had 10 g heavier 100-pods weight in the spring crop, and KVS1198 andere 20 and 15g heavier than the part-mechanization technique in the fall crop of 2005. The mechanization technique was established on large farm by 4,590 ha/year, reduced production cost by 17.6%, and increased production profits by NT＄15,000/ha in 2005. Due to establish mechanized technique on large farm, frozen product of vegetable soybean for export amounts of Taiwan to Japan were increased from 29.4% of 2001 to 34.1% of 2005, and export dollars from 33.1% of 2001 to 39.4% of 2005, respectively. The export price per kg of Taiwan was more expensive by 33.3% than that of China in 2005.