薏苡與蕎麥品種改良

Abstract

為提高國產薏苡及蕎麥單位面積產量，於94 年進行薏苡品種改良包括薏苡雜交育種、新品系比較及新品系栽培法試驗。蕎麥品種選育包括新引進品系觀察及比較試驗。本年度進行台中1 號×岡山在來等5 雜交組合，每組合各獲得67～118 粒雜交種子；培育C1 6 組合雜交種子，每組合各獲得106～230g 種子；進行C2～C6 27 組合後代培育，每組合各獲得3.7～16.0%之優良單株。薏苡14 個新品系均比台中1號高產，其中以TC 93-2、93-7、93-9、93-10 及93-12 表現較佳，比台中1 號增產19.4%～33.3%。薏苡新品系台中育6 號之播種適期為2 月上旬～下旬；適宜行株距為40×15cm，最適氮肥用量為每公頃220 公斤； 其氮肥施用方法為20%或25%做基肥，其餘部份於始穗期、抽穗期、齊穗期施用。蕎麥從國外新引進品系中選出CIFA 35、NSC 42857 及NSC 81333 等3 品系參加95 年新品系比較試驗。蕎麥新品系比較試驗結果有4 個品系比台中1 號高產，增加17.2%～22.6%。 In order to increase the unit productivity of domestic adlay and buckwheat varieties improvement in 2005. For adlay, experiments include hybridization, progeny selection, comparison trials for new lines, trials on seed sowing date, trials on cultivation density and nitrogen application rate and trials on nitrogen fertilizer application methods of new lines of coix. In 2005, 5 hybrid combinations were made including “Taichung No. 1 × Okayama No. 3”. In each combination, 67-118 hybrid seeds were obtained, hybrid seeds of the 5 combinations were cultivated and 106-230g seeds were obtained. These descent seed were further cultivated in C2-C6 27 combination. Each combination obtained 3.7-16.0 % elite plants. 14 lines of adlay showed higher productivity than the control - Taichung No. 1. TC 93-4, TC 93-9 and TC 93-10 are superior than the control by 24.5%, 25.0% and 33.3%, respectively. The recommended sowing date was from the early february to late february for higher grain yield. For planting density, the spacing of 40×10 cm was better grain yield than that of 60×20 cm. The N requirement by job's-tears was high as yield increase was significant when rate of N fertilization was adjusted from 180 to 220 kg/ha. Split top dressing of N fertilizer for three to four times during the period from panicle formation to complete heading were suggested due to high N demand by the plants during grain ripening. For buckwheat, experiments include observation and comparison trials of introduced lines. From the observstion trials, 3 lines, CIFA, NSC 42857 and NSC 81333, were selected among 10 lines. In the yield trial, 4 buckwheat lines outyield 17.2-22.6 % higher yield than the control - Taichung No. 1.