耕作模式調整對雲嘉南地區農業生態影響

Abstract

本試驗旨在探討不同耕作制度對土壤肥力、作物田間雜草及病蟲害發生，以及作物產量與收益之影響。各耕作制度為：A.水稻─水稻(對照)、B.水稻─太陽麻-油菜、C、水稻─綠肥田菁─油菜、D.綠肥大豆─休耕、E.太陽麻─向日葵─蕎麥、F.水稻─毛豆─蕎麥等六種處理。調查結果，田間雜草水稻田平均25 萬株最少、旱作以春作太陽麻的公頃株數120 萬最多。病蟲害只有春作水稻發生白葉枯病外，其他作物則無病害發生。蟲害在春作各項作均無發生，夏作水稻則有二化螟蟲及捲葉蟲發生率1%。綠肥作物之太陽麻、田菁、大豆、向日葵及休田之雜草發生甜菜夜蛾及斜紋夜盜蟲危害，其危害率高達20%。作物公頃產量春作水稻為7,950 公斤，夏作水稻為6,100 公斤，綠肥作以春作大豆的公頃鮮株重38,000 公斤最高，夏作以太陽麻的公頃鮮株重30,700 公斤最高。 The result showed the average 250,000 plants of weeds per ha in paddy field was the lowest, but 1,200,000 weeds (plant/ha) in sun hemp field were the highest in spring crop. Except leaf blight disease on the rice in the spring crop, we also found rice stem borer and leaf roller injury on the rice in the summer crop, but the injury percentage was only 1%. Beet armyworm and tomato cutworm attacked the green manure crops such as tomato, soybean, sesbanias, sunflower and weeds seriously. The injury percentage may reach over 20%. The grain yield of rice were 7,950 kg/ha in the spring crop and 6,100 kg/ha in the summer crop. Green Manure soybean has the highest biomass (38,000 kg/ha) in the spring crop, and crotalaria has the highest biomass (30,700 kg/ha) in the summer crop.