低海拔梨之育種

Abstract

橫山梨是本省中低海拔地區之重要經濟果樹。雖然其品質稍遜，但具有冬季低溫需求量少之特性，栽培容易，一直受果農之歡迎。自從引進日本高品質梨品種後，一度受到影響。由於寄接技術的發展成功，使得橫山梨的利用範圍擴大。作者認為不改變遺傳質的栽培方式，缺乏穩定生產之長久意義，乃開始以雜交育種方法，期能改進橫山梨的果實品種，改善梨在低海拔地區生產的現狀。 Hengshan pear is the only commerical cultivar in the low and slope in Taiwan. Due to its low chilling requirement and wide adaptability to Taiwan climate and soils,the cultivar can be more easily cultivated than others, and widely distributed despite its poorer flesh quality. Since the introduction of Japanese varieties from Japan for the explotitation of the fertile lands along both sides of the central-cross Highway in 1958,the situation of pear production has changed in Taiwan. Forcing culture of two or three crops in a year was later developed by experts for Hengshan pear production in order to substain tlh plantation of he pear. Further, the success of developement of a specialized technique, called flower-bud grafting, resulted in the shift of cultivation of Japanese pear from high mountain areas to low ands, and fruit growers did get a lot of fortune form it. But this technique is still limited by some factors and flower buds have to be regrafted.