臺灣繩索原料瓊麻纖維品質改善之研究

Abstract

本研究承國家科學委員會補助經費，於臺南棉麻分所恆春工作站進行瓊麻各項試驗田間調查及收穫採纖，並於臺南本分所纖維品質檢查室測定纖維品質，爰將研究結果摘述如下，俾供改善臺灣瓊麻纖維品質之參考。 (一)瓊麻栽培密度，在兼顧纖維產量及品質情形下，以行株距2.0×0.8公尺，每公頃種植6,000株為宜。 (二)本省瓊麻主要產區恆春鎮，瓊麻肥料三要素施用量以N-P2O5-K2O, 200-0-50及100-0-100公斤/公頃最佳，纖維產量及品質均最高。 (三)瓊麻收穫時每株留葉15片較留葉6片者，纖維產量及纖維拉力負荷均顯著增加，如配合肥料三要素施用量N-P2O5-K2O,150-50-75公斤/公頃，較不施肥區增產效果尤為顯著。 (四)農林廳瓊麻採纖機示範實驗中心在恆春設置之英國製「可樂娜」2B大型自動採纖機，所採瓊麻纖維品質最佳，本省仿製之大型自動採纖機次之，較本省仿製之中型自動採纖機為優，小型採纖機所採纖維品質較遜。 This investigation is conducted, under the subsidy of National Science Committee, in the field of Hengchung Substation of Tainan Fiber Crops Experiment Station for the proceeding of sisal experiment works, such as agronomical surveying work and decortication of harvested leaves. The fiber qualities are surveyed in the "Fiber Quality Laboratory" at Tainan City. For the purpose of funishing reference to improve the qualities of sisal fibers, the results of investigation are summarized as follows: 1. The optimum density of cultivating sisal plants is 6000 plants/ha. i.e. row distance× hill distance= 2.0m. ×0.8m., for the dual purposes of yield and qualities. 2. In Hengchung town, the main district of sisal producing area in Taiwan, the most profitable level of fertilizers for sisal production is N-P2O5-K2O=200-0-50 or 100-0-100 kg/ha. Both the yield and qualities are the highest. 3. At the time of harvesting sisal leaves, the fiber yield and fiber breaking loads for the sisal plant on which 15 leaves remained are significantly promoted than that on which it is in combination with fertilizer effect. For example, should it be in combination with fertilizer dosage such as N-P2O5-K2O=150-50-75, the effect of promoting yield, in comparison with CK treatment (Without any fertilize), will be greatly significant. 4. The center of demonstrative laboratory for sisal decortication by PDAF has installed, a large type automatical decorticator of 2B manufactured in United Kingdom with the brand "Corona". The fiber qualities are the most excellent. Those from the large type automatical decorticator are the next, while it is still superior than those from medium type automatical decorticator. The small type decorticator is the worst one.