新冠肺炎 (COVID-19) 對農業之衝擊及調適
Other Title
Impact of COVID-19 Disease on Agriculture and the Adapting Strategies
Journal
作物生產與農業災害防範研討會論文輯
Pages
13-26
ISBN
978-626-95290-0-1
Date Issued
2021-10
Author(s)
Abstract
傳染性疾病 (infectious disease)，又稱傳染病或疫病，係指一種可以從人或其他物種經過各種途徑傳染給另一個人或物種的感染病。傳染病可能造成流行成為流行病，侷限於一部分地區成為小規模爆發的地方性流行病，也可能大區域的爆發成為地區性或全球性的大流行瘟疫。在人類文明發展歷程中出現的傳染性疾病大流行，皆對生命、經濟、環境及生活造成極大衝擊，亦形成國家社會動盪不安，前 (2019) 年底爆發延續迄今的嚴重嚴重嚴重嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎特殊傳染性肺炎特殊傳染性肺炎特殊傳染性肺炎[Coronavirus disease 2019，簡稱COVID-19；又稱新冠肺炎病毒病 (new coronavirus 2019-nCoV)] 即為其一。COVID-19的影響層面不僅廣泛而深遠，亦危害人體健康，截至目前為止全球已有192個國家和地區累計報告逾1.62億個確診個案，死亡人數超過336.7萬且仍在持續增加中。許多證據顯示，COVID-19牽動農業及糧食供應鏈的運作，主要在於改變糧食從生產、供應至銷售等的供需狀態與模式，又因為帶來行動不便、購買力下降及對最脆弱族群的更大影響，使得糧食需求和糧食安全受到極大威脅，農民也面臨更惡劣的挑戰。隨著疫情的逐日擴大，政府除了採行更加嚴厲的因應防疫措施來遏阻病毒的傳播，並當對於糧食系統有所應對。充分善用各種智慧及數位等現代化科技和政策工具，來保護民眾健康和糧食安全，持續農場動能和農民生計，加速農產業在困境中升級。政府更應針對糧食供需系統及不同利益 (厲害) 關係人各方面需要採取多元的策略與措施，分從技術支援、資本 (金) 貸款、行銷輔導甚至特殊紓解方案等來對症下藥、有效緩解。只要能守穩經濟基本面，維護糧食供應鏈的作業機制與糧食安全，必定能在漫漫疫情中持穩局面，當COVID-19病毒獲得控制時得以逐步恢復、扭轉乾坤創造新機。希望本文內容可提供識通參考與利用，並引起各界迴響共同集思廣義，以有助於全體國內農業從業人員研擬相關調適策略與措施。
Infectious disease refers to a disease that can be transmitted from a person or other species to another person or species through various means or channels. Infectious diseases may cause epidemics, confined to some areas and become endemic epidemics with small outbreaks, or outbreaks in large areas and become regional or global pandemics. The pandemics of infectious diseases that have emerged in the course of the development of human civilization have caused great impacts on life, economy, environment and livelihood, and have also created social turmoil in the country. The outbreak of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19, also known as new coronavirus 2019-nCoV) that has continued so far is one of them. The impact of COVID-19 is not only wide-ranging and far-reaching, but also harmful to human health. So far, 192 countries and regions around the world have reported more than 162 million confirmed cases, and the death toll exceeds 3.367 million and is still increasing. Many evidences show that COVID-19 affects the processes of agriculture and the food supply chain, mainly to change the state and pattern of food supply and demand, and because of the inconvenience of movement, the decline in purchasing power and the greater impact on the most vulnerable groups, food demand and food security is greatly threatened, and farmers are facing even more worse challenges. As the pandemic expands day by day, the government has adopted more stringent response measures to curb the spread of the virus, and should also respond to the food system as well. Make full use of modern technology and policy tools, such as smart agriculture and digital technology (e.g., Information and Communication Technology, Internet of Things, Big Data, Cloud computing and automatic systems) and interest rate adjustment, change tariffs and subsidies, to protect people's health and food security, sustain farm operation momentum and farmers' livelihoods, and accelerate the upgrading of the agricultural industry in this difficult situation. Government should also adopt diversified strategies and measures in response to the needs of the food supply and demand system and the needs of different stakeholders, ranging from technical support, capital (fund) loans, marketing counseling and even special relief programs. As long as the economic fundamentals are maintained and the operation mechanism of the production and marketing chain and food security are on functions, it will surely be able to sustain a stability situation in the long pandemic. When the COVID-19 virus is brought under control, it will gradually return to a normal state and create new opportunities for economic, social, and personal development. It is hoped that the content of this article can be used for reference and arouse the collective brainstorming from all walks of life, so as to help all domestic agricultural practitioners to develop relevant adaptation strategies and measures.
Event(s)
作物生產與農業災害防範研討會
Subjects
新冠肺炎
2019-ncov
covid-19
農業
糧食安全
糧食供應鏈
coronavirus disease 2019
agriculture
food security
food supply chain
Publisher
中華農業氣象學會
Type
conference paper