三種捕植蟎發育期、生殖力與捕食量的比較

Abstract

溫氏捕植蟎(Amblyseius womersleyi Schicha)普遍發生於臺灣各地，對葉蟎有良好的捕食能力。應用於神澤氏葉蟎(Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida)的生物防治上，有良好 的成效。法拉斯捕植蟎(A. Fallacis (Garman))及智利捕植蟎(Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot)為自美國以及澳洲引進的外來種類，引進目的在防治二點葉蟎(T. urtica Koch)。為比較此3種捕植蟎對神澤葉蟎的抑制能力，本試驗以神澤氏葉蟎卵為食，觀察3 種捕植蟎的發育速度、產卵量與捕食量。28℃、13:11(L:D)光照週期定溫箱中，自卵發育至成蟎需時均不足5日，卵期約2日，幼蟎期短於1日，前、後若蟎期均為1日或略長於1日。溫氏 、法拉斯及智利捕植蟎的雌成蟎每日各捕食葉蟎卵32.1、18.7及46.5粒；每日產卵3.4、3.3 及4.6粒。溫氏捕植蟎的發育速度及日產卵量與法拉斯捕植蟎相似，但食量較高，值得加強其應用探討。 Amblyseius womersleyi Shicha is found commonly in Taiwan. It feeds actively on spider mites, and can provide good control of Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida. A. fallacis (Garman) and Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot are exotic phytoseiids imported from the United States and/or Australia to Taiwan for the control of T. urticae Koch. To compare their spider-mite-controlling abilities in controlling Kanzawa spider mite, the developmental rate, and the daily fecundity and feeding amounts of adult female mites of these three species during the first 5 days after eclosion were studied at 28℃ with a photoperiod of 13:11 (L:D) in an incubator. Developing from egg to adult took less than 5 days for all three mites: approximately 2 days for the egg stage, less than 1 day for the larval stage, and 1 or slightly longer than 1 day for each of the two nymphal stages. Adult female A. womersleyi, A. fallacis, and P. persimilis consumed 32.1, 18.7, and 46.5 spider mite eggs daily; and laid 3.4, 3.3, and 4.6 eggs per day, respectively. A. womersleyi had a develpmental rate and daily fecundity similar to those of A. fallacis, but consumed more food. It is worthy to pay more attention to the value of A. womersleyi as a biological control agent.