基因工程與作物品種改良
Other Title
Genetic Engineering and Crop Improvement
Journal
「亞熱帶農作物產業之研究與發展研討會」論文集
Pages
166-182
ISBN
9570129204
Date Issued
2002-12
Author(s)
蔡奇助
曾東海
王強生
Tsai, Chi-Chu
Tseng, Tong-Hai
Wang, Chang-Sheng
Abstract
地球的耕地面積有限，已無法負擔急速增加的世界人口。如何有效快速的改良作物品種，提高農業產量或產值，已成為農業研究的首要目標之一。傳統育種方法屬於雜交育種，品種改良主要受種原變異之限制，而不同物種(species) 間之雜交頗為困難，育種成果難有大突破，「綠色革命」(green revolution) 很難再發生。利用基因工程技術進行作物品種改良，係指以遺傳工程 (genetic engineering) 技術，將特定基因或性狀導入缺乏此基因或特性之目標作物 (target crop) 的育種方法；因此利用基因工程技術進行作物品種改
良，可以突破種原之限制及種間雜交之瓶頸，創造新性狀或新品種，亦即未來「基因革命」(gene revolution) 很可能迅速取代「綠色革命」。今後利用基因工程技術進行作物品種改良，可朝下列重點努力：創造高附加價值之轉基因作物品種；育成具環保特性之抗病、抗蟲及抗殺草劑等作物品種，減少農藥之施用；育成具耐旱、耐寒、耐熱及耐重金屬等具環境忍受性之作物品種；利用基因工程改造植物代謝途徑創造新花色或提高營養成分；利用植物做為生物反應器生產醫藥用化合物、疫苗或生物塑膠等，特殊高價值產品，提高農業產值。這些基因改造的作物品種，除具有較高產值外，更可申請品種、基因或產品專利，未來我們將進入「基因農場」(gene farming) 的時代，使農業真正邁入永續化。
Since an arable land is limited in the world, it is of difficulty to feed the great increase of human population. One of the most important goals of agricultural research is the improvement of crop varieties and quality, as well as the increase of growers’ incomes. The cross hybridization is one of principal traditional breeding. Breeding among species is restricted and has great barrier to overcome. Therefore, the historic “green revolution” is difficult to happen again. Genetic engineering has been used in crops improvement over the last decade. Several specific genes or desirable characteristics could be transferred into target crops. Biotechnology, therefore, could be used to overcome the species barrier for breeding crops with new characteristic. Various new transgenic plants have been bred through using these techniques. All of these achievements will be considered as gene revolution. In respect of biotechnology, several researches through using genetic engineering, such as enhancement of high economic value of transgenic plants, crops with virus, disease and pest resistance as well as herbicide resistance, tolerance or resistance to environmental stress, creation of new flower color, high nutrition transgenic crops, using plants as bioreactors for producing medical compound, vaccine etc., are important approaches for molecular breeding. Era of gene farming will be coming and the goal of sustainable agriculture can be achieved in the near future.
Subjects
基因工程
品種改良
基因革命
基因農場
genetic engineering
crop improvement
gene revolution
gene farming
Publisher
高雄區農業改良場
Type
conference paper