由歷年產量議大樹區荔枝開花與著果之確保
Other Title
Ensuring Flowering and Fruit Set of Litchi in Dashu District: Insights from Historical Yield Analysis
Start Page
57
End Page
77
ISBN
978-626-446-065-1
Date Issued
2026-07
Author(s)
李雪如
陳泰安
林子文
林宗賢
Abstract
本文試從氣候影響成花、授粉著果與果實生長之角度，回溯檢視高雄大樹產區‘玉荷包’荔枝從1997到2025年28個年度之產量變因，進而倡議荔枝豐產、穩產之道。每年從11月21日至翌年1月20日，毗鄰產區的高雄區農改場氣溫每小時等於或低於20℃者予以加總，最後得到涼溫累積量。涼溫累積超過1,800 DH順利成花(ON)者計19個年度，占68%。低於該閾值者計9個年度，但其中有3年度（1998-1999、2000-2001和2006-2007年）尚能成花。在22個成花年度中，可順利著果，歸類為大年(ON)者計16個年度，佔28年度之57%，其餘43%則歸屬小年(OFF)，因難成花或難著果導致。於重新檢視成花、開花授粉與著果影響之氣候因素後，倡議系統整合栽培技術，冀能確保成花、授粉、著果與果實順利生長。即採後盡速修剪、施肥和灌溉，促進新梢生長，恢復樹勢；隨後，控制肥水、環狀剝皮與疏刪等以培養健全、成熟枝梢；冬季一旦抽梢，迅即除新葉，藉以讓成熟葉片感受低溫而易成花。農友採用此技術後，大樹有確保年年成花者；僅約400 DH涼溫累積的恆春產區，亦能連續維持5年穩定開花著果，顯示該系統整合栽培技術可取代部分涼溫。開花授粉期間期待晴朗、溫暖天候，加強飼放蜜蜂授粉，促進著果；爾後，適當灌溉，促進果實生長。
This study examines the climatic factors affecting floral initiation, pollination, fruit set, and fruit growth by retrospectively analyzing the yield variables of ‘Yu Her Pau’ litchi in the Dashu production area of Kaohsiung over a 28-year period (1997–2025). The objective is to propose strategies for high and stable litchi production. Cooling accumulation was calculated by summing the hourly temperatures ≤ 20°C recorded at the Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station from November 21 to January 20 of the following year. Successful floral initiation (ON years) occurred in 19 years (68%) when cooling accumulation exceeded 1,800 Degree Hours (DH). Among the 9 years below this threshold, flowering was still achieved in 3 instances (1998-1999, 2000-2001, and 2006-2007). Out of the 22 years with successful flowering, 16 years resulted in successful fruit set and were classified as "ON" years, accounting for 57% of the 28-year period. The remaining 43% were classified as "OFF" years due to failures in either flowering or fruit set. After re-evaluating the climatic impacts on flowering and pollination, this paper advocates for a System-Integrated Cultivation Technology to ensure floral initiation, pollination, and fruit growth. The recommended practices include: immediate post-harvest pruning, fertilization, and irrigation to promote shoot growth and tree vigor recovery; subsequent management of nutrients and water, combined with girdling and thinning-out to develop healthy, mature shoots; and the immediate removal of any winter flushes to allow mature leaves to perceive cool temperatures for floral initiation. Farmers adopting this technology in Dashu have achieved consistent annual flowering. Furthermore, in the Hengchun production area—where cooling accumulation is only about 400 DH—stable flowering and fruit set have been maintained for five consecutive years, suggesting that this integrated technology can partially compensate for insufficient cooling. Finally, during the anthesis and pollination period, clear and warm weather is ideal; increasing honeybee populations for pollination and maintaining proper irrigation are critical to facilitating fruit set and subsequent fruit development.
Subjects
涼溫累積
控梢
穩產技術
Cooling accumulation
shoot control
stable production technology
floral initiation
Litchi chinensis
Publisher
農業部農業試驗所
Type
book part
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