Survey of Passionfruit Viruses in Okinawa, Japan: Prevalence, Transmission, and Control of Passiflora Latent Virus Using Virus-Free Seedlings

Atsushi Ajitomi; Akari Saito; Shinji Kawano; Ken-taro Sekine

doi:10.6156/JTAR.202509_74(3).0006

Survey of Passionfruit Viruses in Okinawa, Japan: Prevalence, Transmission, and Control of Passiflora Latent Virus Using Virus-Free Seedlings

Other Title

日本沖繩百香果病毒調查：百香果潛隱病毒的流行、傳播及利用去病毒苗達有效防治

Journal

台灣農業研究

Journal Volume

74

Journal Issue

3

Start Page

275

End Page

289

ISSN

2790-086X

Date Issued

2025-09-06

Author(s)

Atsushi Ajitomi

Akari Saito

Shinji Kawano

Ken-taro Sekine

DOI

10.6156/JTAR.202509_74(3).0006

URI

https://scholars.tari.gov.tw/handle/123456789/24932

Abstract

In Okinawa Prefecture, passionfruit cultivation during the winter and spring seasons has become problematic due to the emergence of symptoms, e.g., shriveled new leaves and reduced plant vigor. In 2017, a survey of 84 fields was conducted across the region. The symptoms of suspected virus diseases were confirmed, and the outbreaks of 6 specific viruses in Japan were further investigated via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed that the top three com-mon symptoms were the curling of adult leaves, leaf surface cracking, and yellowing between leaf veins. Among the 6 viruses tested, East Asian Passiflora distortion virus (EAPDV), East Asian Passiflora virus-AO (EAPV-AO), and Passiflora latent virus (PLV) gave an incidence of 2.4%, 1.2%, and 85.7%, respectively, whereas Broad bean wilt virus-2 (BBWV-2), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and EAPV-IB were not detected. Plants infected with EAPDV and EAPV-AO showed typical symptoms of leaf shriveling and fruit malformation, but those infected with PLV showed several other nonspecific symptoms. Based on the survey results, PLV was identified as the primary pathogen. The virus was isolated from infected passionfruit, causing symptoms in quinoa but not in passionfruit. PLV was also confirmed to be transmitted by insect vectors, e.g., cotton aphids, as well as by juice remaining on pruning shears. Furthermore, as PLV was detected in passionfruit seedlings obtained from a supplier, thus the supply of confirmed PLV-free seedlings was established as a countermeasure in Okinawa starting from 2019. Since then, the occurrence of PLV has dramatically decreased, as revealed in a second field survey conducted in 2022 showing a significantly lower number of PLV-infected fields. Abnormal symptoms of passionfruit and high incidence of PLV infection showed a strong positive correlation in Okinawa.

在日本沖繩縣，冬春季節種植的百香果出現新葉枯萎、植株活力下降等徵狀的栽培問題。2017 年，調查 84 個田區而確認了疑似病毒病的徵狀，並以 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) 進一步調查日本已報告的 6 種特定病毒的疫情。結果顯示，最常見的 3 種病徵是成年葉片捲曲、葉面開裂及葉脈間黃化。在檢測的 6 種病毒中，東亞百香果皺縮病毒 (East Asian Passiflora distortion virus; EAPDV)、東亞百香果病毒 -AO (East Asian Passiflora virus-AO; EAPV-AO) 與百香果潛隱病毒 (Passiflora latent virus; PLV) 的發生率分別為 2.4%、1.2% 及 85.7%，而蠶豆萎凋病毒 -2 (Broad bean wilt virus-2; BBWV-2)、胡瓜嵌紋病毒 (Cucumber mosaic virus; CMV) 均未檢測到。感染 EAPDV 與 EAPV-AO 的植物表現出葉片皺縮與果實畸形的典型徵狀，而感染 PLV 的植物則表現出其他非特異性徵狀。根據調查結果，PLV 被確定為主要病原。此病毒是從受感染的百香果中所分離而得，可導致奎藜出現病徵，但不會在百香果引起病徵。PLV 可透過昆蟲媒介 (例如棉蚜) 以及修枝剪所殘留的汁液傳播。此外，由於在從種苗供應商的百香果幼苗中檢測到了 PLV，因此從 2019 年開始，沖繩縣採取了供應已確認不含 PLV 的幼苗措施。此後，PLV 的發生率急劇下降，2022年所進行的第二次田間調查顯示，受 PLV 感染的田地數量明顯減少。沖繩百香果的異常徵狀與 PLV 感染呈現較強的正相關性。

Subjects

Aphid

Pruning shears

RT-PCR

DECS-C

Carlavirus

蚜蟲

修枝剪

Carlavirus 病毒屬

Publisher

農業部農業試驗所

Type

journal article

File(s)

Name

74-3-6.pdf

Size

2.31 MB

Format

Adobe PDF

Checksum

(MD5):b7aa5ee0ede4fb4330e511f9a33bcbd7