高屏地區洋蔥葉片捲曲病害之病原分離鑑定與藥劑篩選

陳正恩; 江詩筑; 曾敏南

doi:10.6156/JTAR.202609_75(3).0013

高屏地區洋蔥葉片捲曲病害之病原分離鑑定與藥劑篩選

Other Title

Pathogen Identification and Fungicide Screening of Onion Leaf Curling Disease in the Kaohsiung-Pingtung Region

Journal

台灣農業研究

Journal Volume

75

Journal Issue

3

Start Page

533

End Page

544

ISSN

2790-086X

Date Issued

2026-09-13

Author(s)

陳正恩

江詩筑

曾敏南

DOI

10.6156/JTAR.202609_75(3).0013

URI

https://scholars.tari.gov.tw/handle/123456789/25340

Abstract

高屏洋蔥主要產區位於高雄市林園區與屏東縣恆春半島，為冬季重要裡作，栽培期常見病害包含黃萎病（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae）與軟腐病（Pectobacterium carotovora subsp. carotovora）等，2019年起於高屏洋蔥田區定植初期觀察到部分植株出現葉片明顯捲曲情形，出現此病徵的植株雖會逐漸萎凋，卻與黃萎病典型病徵有所差異。於林園區、車城鄉及恆春鎮收集發病樣品進行病原菌分離，經菌落形態與分子鑑定，所分離的菌株屬於炭疽病菌（Colletotrichum spp.），將所收集菌株之內轉錄間隔區（internal transcribed spacer; ITS）、甘油醛-3-磷酸脫氫酶（glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GAPDH）、肌動蛋白（actin; ACT）、微管蛋白（β-tubulin; TUB2）及幾丁質合成酶（chitin synthase; CHS-1）部分基因序列排列，進行親緣分析，高屏地區所收集之菌株與C. siamense最相近。挑選林園區4菌株、車城鄉2菌株及恆春鎮2菌株進行回接試驗，於洋蔥苗株定植後3週，以孢子濃度1 × 10^5與1 × 10^6 spores mL^(-1)進行澆灌，每苗株澆灌1 mL，接種後21日，可陸續觀察到洋蔥葉片異常扭曲情形，接種後35日，異常扭曲葉片比例最高可達約70%，於葉基部可再分離出炭疽病菌。進一步挑選12種化學藥劑進行菌絲與孢子發芽抑制效果篩選，賽普護汰寧與待克利其抑制菌絲生長與孢子發芽效果較為穩定，可優先建議供高屏地區洋蔥農友參考使用。

Onion (Allium cepa) is primarily cultivated in the Linyuan District of Kaohsiung City and the Hengchun Peninsula of Pingtung County, serving as an important winter crop in southern Taiwan. Common diseases during the growing season include Fusarium wilt and bacterial soft rot. Since 2019, onion plants showing leaf curling symptoms have been observed at the early growth stage in fields in Kaohsiung and Pingtung. Although the affected plants gradually wilted, the symptoms differed from those of typical Fusarium wilt. Symptomatic samples were collected from Linyuan, Checheng, and Hengchun, and fungal isolates were obtained. Based on fungal morphology and molecular identification, the isolates were identified as Colletotrichum spp. Phylogenetic analysis using partial sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), actin (ACT), β-tubulin (TUB2), and chitin synthase (CHS-1) genes indicated that the isolates were most closely related to C. siamense. Pathogenicity tests were conducted with four isolates from Linyuan, two from Checheng, and two from Hengchun. Onion seedlings were drenched with conidial suspensions at concentrations of 1 × 105 and 1 × 106 spores/mL (1 mL per seedling) three weeks after transplanting. Leaf distortion symptoms were observed 21 d post inoculation, and the incidence of distorted leaves reached up to 70% at 35 d post inoculation. Colletotrichum spp. were successfully re-isolated from the basal leaf tissues of symptomatic plants. Furthermore, twelve chemical fungicides were tested for their inhibitory effects on mycelial growth and spore germination. Among them, cyprodinil + fludioxonil and difenoconazole consistently showed strong inhibitory effects. These two fungicides are recommended as priority options for onion disease management in the Kaohsiung-Pingtung region.

Subjects

洋蔥

炭疽病菌

藥劑篩選

Onion

Colletotrichum spp.

Fungicide screening

Publisher

農業部農業試驗所

Type

journal article

File(s)

Name

75-3-13.pdf

Size

3.25 MB

Format

Adobe PDF

Checksum

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