茂林區黑小米 (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.) 條播栽培效益研究
Other Title
Effect of Drilling Cultivation on Production Efficiency of Black Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.) in the Dona Tribe, Maolin, Taiwan
Journal
台灣農業研究
Journal Volume
75
Journal Issue
3
Start Page
451
End Page
461
ISSN
2790-086X
Date Issued
2026-09-07
Author(s)
詹雅勛
Abstract
黑小米為高雄市茂林區多納部落重要之傳統作物，除作為糧食來源外，亦為魯凱族祭儀文化之核心穀物。然而，傳統以人工撒播為主之栽培方式管理困難、產量不穩且勞力需求高，已成為限制黑小米持續栽培與復育之主要因素。本研究以多納部落保存之黑小米地方品系為材料，於 2023–2024 年進行田間試驗，探討不同栽培密度與播種方法對生長性狀、產量、作業效率、生產成本及經濟效益之影響，並評估導入小型農機具進行條播栽培之可行性。栽培密度試驗結果顯示，以每公頃種植 250,000 株 (40 cm × 10 cm) 之處理產量最高，可達 1,099 kg ha-1，顯著高於傳統撒播處理。播種方法比較結果顯示，紙穴盤育苗移植產量最高為 1,029 kg ha-1，其次為機械條播 946 kg ha-1，均高於撒播 771 kg ha-1。作業效率方面，紙穴盤移植每 0.1 ha 需約 4 小時，機械條播 1.5 小時，撒播 1 小時；但種子用量以移植最低，僅為撒播之 1/20，可作為部落保種策略之應用。生產成本分析顯示，機械條播成本最低，每 0.1 ha 為 7,500 元，移植為 18,000 元，撒播最高為 21,000 元；人工投入亦以條播最低。經濟效益分析結果指出，機械條播之淨收益最高，每公頃為 216,100 元，為撒播之 10倍以上，亦高於移植處理約 1.5 倍。綜合結果顯示，適當株距配置與條播栽培可同時提升產量與降低成本，為適合山區部落之省工化栽培模式。導入小型機械條播技術可在不破壞原有耕作文化之條件下提高生產效率，對於促進原鄉傳統小米之復育、永續利用及文化保存具有重要意義。
Black foxtail millet is an important traditional crop among the Dona tribe of Maolin District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, where it serves not only as a staple food but also as a core grain in indigenous ritual culture. However, traditional broadcasting cultivation requires high labor input, results in unstable yield, and limits the sustainable production of this crop. This study evaluated the effects of plant spacing and sowing methods on agronomic traits, yield, working efficiency, production cost, and economic return of black foxtail millet, and assessed the feasibility of introducing small-scale machinery for drilling cultivation in mountainous tribal farming systems. The planting density experiment showed that 250,000 plants ha-1 (40 cm × 10 cm) produced the highest grain yield (1,099 kg ha-1), which was significantly higher than with wider spacing and traditional broadcasting. In the sowing method experiment, transplanting using paper plug seedlings produced the highest yield (1,029 kg ha-1), followed by mechanical drilling (946 kg ha-1), both of which were higher than broadcasting (771 kg ha-1). In terms of working efficiency, transplanting required the longest time (4 h per 0.1 ha), while drilling required 1.5 h and broadcasting required 1 h; however, the seed requirement was lowest in transplanting. Production cost analysis showed that drilling had the lowest cost, followed by transplanting, while broadcasting had the highest cost due to high labor requirements for manual weeding. Net return analysis indicated that drilling generated the highest profit (NT$216,100 ha-1), ten times more than that of broadcasting. These results indicate that proper plant spacing combined with drilling cultivation can improve yield while reducing labor and production costs. The introduction of small-scale mechanized drilling is suitable for mountainous tribal farming systems and can enhance production stability without disrupting traditional farming culture. This approach provides a practical strategy for the sustainable utilization and cultural preservation of indigenous millet in Taiwan.
Subjects
黑小米
條播栽培
栽培密度
機械化
原住民族作物
Black foxtail millet
Drilling cultivation
Planting density
Mechanization
Indigenous crops
Publisher
農業部農業試驗所
Type
journal article
File(s)![Thumbnail Image]()
Loading...
Name
75-3-7.pdf
Size
1.09 MB
Format
Adobe PDF
Checksum
(MD5):ac7975d5a76ab3ec9d1523f5c6ad8e5a